Abstract: A plasma display panel is provided. The plasma display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a pair of discharge electrodes disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The pair of discharge electrodes include a first discharge electrode having a plurality of first discharge sub-electrodes, and a second discharge electrode facing the first discharge electrode and having a plurality of second discharge sub-electrodes. Widths of the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode in a non-display area are greater than or equal to widths of the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode in a display area.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus to improve stability and efficiency during data transmission performed over a wireless network includes transmitting a first data frame containing a plurality of data units to a receiving device, receiving from the receiving device a receipt of confirmation for each data unit received by the receiving device, and transmitting a second data frame containing at least one of the plurality of data units that have not been transmitted or received, according to the receipt of confirmation for each data unit received by the receiving device.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods of manufacture thereof are disclosed that are capable of preventing a short of lower electrodes caused by a leaning or lifting phenomenon while forming the lower electrodes and securing enough capacitance of a capacitor by widening an effective capacitor area. The inventive semiconductor device includes: a plurality of capacitor plugs disposed in an orderly separation distance; and a plurality of lower electrodes used for a capacitor and disposed in an orderly separation distance to be respectively connected with the capacitor plugs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing power consumption by controlling listening periods in a wireless telecommunications device having a plurality of power-saving modes are provided. The method includes: setting a first power-saving mode and a second power-saving mode, each of the first and second power-saving modes having a power-saving mode period in which power is saved and data is not transmitted and received, and a standby period in which data is transmitted and received; detecting the standby mode periods from the first and second power-saving modes; adjusting starting periods of the first and second power-saving modes so that the detected standby mode periods of the first and second power-saving modes overlap; and controlling power according to the adjusted first and the second power-saving modes.

Abstract: A plasma display panel that may reduce an external light reflection ratio and improve a bright room contrast includes first and second substrates parallel to each other, a plurality of sustain electrodes disposed on the first substrate and a plurality of main electrode portions, a first dielectric layer covering the sustain electrodes, barrier ribs interposed between the first and the second substrates and partitioning discharge cells along with the sustain electrodes, address electrodes disposed on the second substrate and crossing the sustain electrodes, a second dielectric layer covering the address electrodes, luminescent layers disposed in the discharge cells, and a discharge gas in the discharge cells, in which the main electrode portions may include first electrode layers and second electrode layers which may be adhered to the first electrode layers, and the second electrode layers having widths less than or equal to widths of the first electrode layers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for enabling a legacy station to perform virtual carrier sensing when a plurality of stations with heterogeneous capabilities coexist in a wireless network. The method includes transmitting first data via a bonded channel which is formed by channel bonding first and second adjacent channels, and receiving second data via each of the first and second adjacent channels, the second data comprising a clear-to-send (CTS) frame or a request-to-send (RTS) frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for enabling a legacy station to perform virtual carrier sensing when a plurality of stations with heterogeneous capabilities coexist in a wireless network. The method includes transmitting first data via a bonded channel which is formed by channel bonding first and second adjacent channels, and receiving an acknowledgement (Ack) frame via each of the first and second adjacent channels.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for enabling a legacy station to perform virtual carrier sensing when a plurality of stations with heterogeneous capabilities coexist in a wireless network. The method includes receiving first data compliant with a first protocol, and transmitting second data compliant with a second protocol, where the first protocol is downward compatible with the second protocol.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for enabling a legacy station to perform virtual carrier sensing when a plurality of stations with heterogeneous capabilities coexist in a wireless network. The method includes receiving first data via a bonded channel formed by channel bonding first and second adjacent channels, and transmitting second data via each of the first and second adjacent channels, the second data being a clear-to-send (CTS) frame or a request-to-send (RTS) frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining an ACK frame appropriate for a wireless local area network (LAN) environment where high throughput stations and legacy stations with different data transmission capabilities coexist to acknowledge the receipt of a transmission frame. The method and apparatus enable each station to access a medium normally in the wireless LAN environment and complement a carrier sensing method. The method includes determining types of stations on a wireless local area network, determining the ACK frame for acknowledging the receipt of the transmission frame on the wireless local area network according to the result of determination, and notifying a corresponding station on the wireless local area network of the determined ACK frame.

Abstract: A method for conducting link adaptation without collision in wireless network, includes setting, by a first device constituting a first wireless network, information regarding the power level required for transmitting data from the first wireless network, a priority level, and a notice of link adaptation in a first frame, sending the set first frame wirelessly, receiving a second frame including a response to the sent first frame from a second device constituting a second wireless network having received the first frame, and sending data at the power level that is detailed in the second frame when transmission of data with the power level is permitted.

Abstract: A wireless data transmitting method through wireless network communications using an access point in an infrastructure mode including a contention-free period. The method includes the access point being set up to operate in the contention-free period, a first data frame including channel occupation information of a second data frame in order to occupy a channel when the access point transmits the first data frame to a designated wireless network apparatus, the wireless network apparatus transmitting an acknowledgement frame of the receipt of the first data frame to the access point, and the access point being released from the contention-free period.

Abstract: In particular, one embodiment of the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent display which comprises a light emitting device formed on a lower insulating substrate, and an upper substrate mounted to encapsulate the light emitting device, wherein the upper substrate is provided with a desiccant, the desiccant being formed with at least one hole passing through the desiccant.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods of manufacture thereof are disclosed that are capable of preventing a short of lower electrodes caused by a leaning or lifting phenomenon while forming the lower electrodes and securing enough capacitance of a capacitor by widening an effective capacitor area. The inventive semiconductor device includes: a plurality of capacitor plugs disposed in an orderly separation distance; and a plurality of lower electrodes used for a capacitor and disposed in an orderly separation distance to be respectively connected with the capacitor plugs.

Abstract: A method for forming a contact hole of a semiconductor device, wherein a polymer residual on a bottom surface of the contact hole is treated with plasma of mixture gas containing oxygen to convert the polymer residual into a pure silicon oxide film free of carbon and fluorine for easy removal in a subsequent washing process is disclosed. The method comprises (a) sequentially forming a capping layer and a planarized interlayer insulating film on a semiconductor substrate having a predetermined lower structure; (b) selectively etching the interlayer insulating film to expose a predetermined region of the capping layer; (c) removing the exposed capping layer; (d) subjecting the resulting structure to a plasma treatment using a mixture gas containing oxygen; and (e) performing a cleaning process.

Abstract: A method for forming a contact hole of a semiconductor device, wherein a polymer residual on a bottom surface of the contact hole is treated with plasma of mixture gas containing oxygen to convert the polymer residual into a pure silicon oxide film free of carbon and fluorine for easy removal in a subsequent washing process is disclosed. The method comprises (a) sequentially forming a capping layer and a planarized interlayer insulating film on a semiconductor substrate having a predetermined lower structure; (b) selectively etching the interlayer insulating film to expose a predetermined region of the capping layer; (c) removing the exposed capping layer; (d) subjecting the resulting structure to a plasma treatment using a mixture gas containing oxygen; and (e) performing a cleaning process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming a contact plug of a semiconductor device capable of preventing an attack to conductive patterns. The method includes the steps of: forming a plurality of conductive patterns on a substrate; forming an insulating layer on top of an entire structure including the plurality of the conductive pattern; forming a contact hole by selectively etching the insulating layer; forming a conductive layer for a contact plug on the entire structure including the contact hole; forming a metal sacrificial layer on the entire structure including the conductive layer; exposing the conductive layer by performing an etchback process to the metal sacrificial layer, wherein the metal sacrificial layer is left on a lower topology area induced by the conductive patterns; and forming plugs, each being isolated by polishing the remained metal sacrificial layer, the conductive layer and the insulating layer through the use of slurry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming a contact plug of a semiconductor device capable of preventing an attack to conductive patterns. The method includes the steps of: forming a plurality of conductive patterns on a substrate; forming an insulating layer on top of an entire structure including the plurality of the conductive pattern; forming a contact hole by selectively etching the insulating layer; forming a conductive layer for a contact plug on the entire structure including the contact hole; forming a metal sacrificial layer on the entire structure including the conductive layer; exposing the conductive layer by performing an etchback process to the metal sacrificial layer, wherein the metal sacrificial layer is left on a lower topology area induced by the conductive patterns; and forming plugs, each being isolated by polishing the remained metal sacrificial layer, the conductive layer and the insulating layer through the use of slurry.

Abstract: A navigation system for downloading adjacent position information of a current user position using a wireless network to display the downloaded information on a screen and method thereof are provided. The method includes the steps of: setting a starting point, a destination, and specific information to be displayed on a screen; calculating a current user position based on position information received from a wireless network and identification (ID) information; displaying a user movement based on information stored in a database, or, alternatively, requesting a server to send specific information about the adjacent position which is set in the setting step; and downloading only the specific information to display the downloaded result on a screen while displaying a user movement on the corresponding screen. According to the navigation system and method thereof, only necessary information about the adjacent position is downloaded, thereby improving the efficiency of the navigation system.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for fabricating a semiconductor device using an etch-resistant polymer. The method includes a step for the in-situ generation of a polymer layer on the exposed surfaces of a photoresist film pattern, a pad oxide film, and a hard mask layer. This polymer acts as a protective film and prevents photoresist erosion during trench etching processes and improves the etch selectivity. As a result, trench structures can be formed more easily and with improved dimensional control.