Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel including a gate line, a data line, a switching element connected to the gate line and the data line, a liquid crystal capacitor having a first terminal connected to the switching element, and a storage capacitor having a first terminal connected to the switching element; and a leakage current generating part which generates a leakage current in the switching element.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first switching element which transmits a first data voltage; a second switching element which transmits a second data voltage; a driving transistor connected to the first switching element and the second switching element, where the driving transistor is driven based on the first data voltage and the second data voltage; and an organic light emitting diode connected to the driving transistor, where the organic light emitting diode emits light based on an output of the driving transistor, and a driving method thereof.

Abstract: An alternating phase shift mask is fabricated by defining transparent regions by forming light blocking patterns over a transparent substrate and forming an etch stop layer within the transparent substrate of a phase shift region among the transparent regions. The transparent substrate of the phase shift region may be etched and the etching may be deemed to be completed based upon radiation detected in an area under the etch stop layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of an electrophoretic display apparatus and an operating method thereof. According to one or more embodiments, an update voltage compensating for the degradation of an image is applied to a related pixel after a predetermined time interval elapses, when a plurality of images are consecutively displayed on one screen. Thus, the update voltage may be prevented from being applied to the pixel before the image degradation occurs, thereby preventing the pixel from being over-charged.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving an electrophoretic display comprising a data driver applying data voltages to a plurality of pixels where electrophoretic particles are respectively disposed includes a memory storing gray information, level information of data voltages, and application time information of the data voltage, and a signal controller, wherein the signal controller reads the gray information, the level information of the data voltage and the application time information of the data voltage stored in the memory to apply an output image signal to the data driver, again stores the updated application time information of the data voltage to the memory by counting the application time information of the data voltage, compares the gray information stored in the memory with the gray information newly input from the external device, and when the gray information stored in the memory and the gray information newly input are different from each other, again stores the level information of the data voltage and the a

Abstract: In a method for determining a contact of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment, a covariance matrix is used to extract a unique vector and a unique value and to obtain the main component through the unique vector and the unique value. The value of the main component is analyzed to determine the contact existence. The unique vector and the unique value are used to extract the main component, and then the contact existence is determined such that the touch existence and the position thereof may be correctly determined without errors.

Abstract: The display of after-images is prevented in an electrophoretic display by applying one gray of at least three different grays through at least some of the pixels, applying a middle gray through at least some of the plurality of pixels, and applying a final compensation voltage to refresh the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display (“EPD”) panel includes a display substrate and an electrophoretic film. The display substrate includes a display switching element electrically connected to a display gate line and a data line crossing the display gate line, a pixel electrode electrically connected to the display switching element, and a sensing switching element electrically connected to a sensing gate line and the data line to detect a light quantity. The electrophoretic film is combined with the display substrate. The electrophoretic film includes a plurality of charged particles. Thus, a bias signal of the sensing switching element is delivered through the data line applying the data signal, so that a manufacturing process of the EPD panel may be simplified.

Abstract: An alternating phase shift mask is fabricated by defining transparent regions by forming light blocking patterns over a transparent substrate and forming an etch stop layer within the transparent substrate of a phase shift region among the transparent regions. The transparent substrate of the phase shift region may be etched and the etching may be deemed to be completed based upon radiation detected in an area under the etch stop layer.

Abstract: Certain types of displays such as electrophoretic displays tend to deteriorate if their pixel units are persistently driven by currents flowing in only one direction for the purpose of maintaining (i.e. refreshing) a relatively constant optical state. A first method pulses the pixel unit with a drive pulse of opposed polarity but duration too short (i.e. less than 1/25 second) for a viewer to notice. A second method pulses the pixel unit with a drive pulse of opposed polarity but magnitude to small to effect change in optical state.

Abstract: A display substrate, an electrophoretic display (EPD) device including the same, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The display substrate includes a display region and a non-display region. The display region includes a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of thin film transistors (TFTs) and a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed at crossings of the gate lines and the data lines. The non-display region is located at a peripheral region of the display region and includes a solar battery. The solar battery includes at least one semiconductor layer arranged between a lower electrode and an upper electrode that oppose each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device employing the color sequential display method includes multiple, different color light sources. An image data arranging circuit sorts image data input from an external source for each frame according to color and arranges the sorted image data into a plurality of sub-frames. A data driver applies the arranged image data for each color to the liquid crystal panel sequentially according to the sub-frames.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for manufacturing a phase shift mask. An embodiment of the disclosed method includes forming a conductive layer on a mask substrate, irradiating a predetermined area of the mask substrate on which the conductive layer is formed with an electron beam to selectively reduce a portion of silicon oxide (SiO2) in the substrate to silicon (Si), etching only the predetermined area converted to Si, and removing the conductive layer to form the phase shift mask.

Abstract: In a method for determining a contact of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment, a covariance matrix is used to extract a unique vector and a unique value and to obtain the main component through the unique vector and the unique value. The value of the main component is analyzed to determine the contact existence. The unique vector and the unique value are used to extract the main component, and then the contact existence is determined such that the touch existence and the position thereof may be correctly determined without errors.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a photomask includes forming a mask pattern to be transferred onto a wafer on a transparent substrate; transferring the mask pattern on a wafer to form a wafer pattern; selecting a critical dimension modification region requiring a line width modification in the pattern transferred onto the wafer; forming a resist pattern for selectively exposing a portion of the substrate corresponding to the critical dimension modification region; varying a light transmittance of the exposed portion of the substrate by implanting ions into the exposed portion using the resist pattern as an ion implantation mask; and selectively removing the resist pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of an electrophoretic display apparatus and an operating method thereof. According to one or more embodiments, an update voltage compensating for the degradation of an image is applied to a related pixel after a predetermined time interval elapses, when a plurality of images are consecutively displayed on one screen. Thus, the update voltage may be prevented from being applied to the pixel before the image degradation occurs, thereby preventing the pixel from being over-charged.

Abstract: A display device is provided including a plurality of pixels, a gate driver applying gate signals to the pixels, a data driver applying data voltages to the pixels, and a signal controller outputting a plurality of control signals for controlling the gate driver and the data driver. The polarity of a data voltage applied to a predetermined pixel is changed at least every two frames.

Abstract: A display substrate, an electrophoretic display (EPD) device including the same, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The display substrate includes a display region and a non-display region. The display region includes a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of thin film transistors (TFTs) and a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed at crossings of the gate lines and the data lines. The non-display region is located at a peripheral region of the display region and includes a solar battery. The solar battery includes at least one semiconductor layer arranged between a lower electrode and an upper electrode that oppose each other.

Abstract: The display of after-images is prevented in an electrophoretic display by applying one gray of at least three different grays through at least some of the pixels, applying a middle gray through at least some of the plurality of pixels, and applying a final compensation voltage to refresh the plurality of pixels

Abstract: An apparatus for driving an electrophoretic display comprising a data driver applying data voltages to a plurality of pixels where electrophoretic particles are respectively disposed includes a memory storing gray information, level information of data voltages, and application time information of the data voltage, and a signal controller, wherein the signal controller reads the gray information, the level information of the data voltage and the application time information of the data voltage stored in the memory to apply an output image signal to the data driver, again stores the updated application time information of the data voltage to the memory by counting the application time information of the data voltage, compares the gray information stored in the memory with the gray information newly input from the external device, and when the gray information stored in the memory and the gray information nexly input are different from each other, again stores the level information of the data voltage and the a