Abstract: A cell assembly according to the present disclosure includes a cell stack including one pouch-type battery cell or two or more pouch-type battery cells stacked; and a cell cover covering two side portions of the cell stack along a widthwise direction of the cell stack and a top portion of the cell stack, wherein the cell cover is configured to adjust a width of the cell cover according to a width of the cell stack.

Abstract: A firmware upgrade apparatus and method are disclosed. A firmware upgrade apparatus according to some embodiments of the present invention includes access points, a relay configured to upload firmware data to the access point, a node configured to upload the firmware data to the relay, and an over-the-air (OTA) access point configured to upload the firmware data to the node.

Abstract: Provided is a method of improving a bandwidth of an antenna using a transmission line stub to enable long-range communication together with broadband matching. According to the method, it is possible to combine a transmission line stub in series or parallel with a feeding point, which is an antenna signal input/output point of a body serving as an antenna, and apply the transmission line stub to an antenna for wide use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a manhole type omnidirectional antenna having a relatively small angle between a main beam direction and the Earth's surface and exhibiting omnidirectional characteristics to allow long-range communication, wherein the manhole type omnidirectional antenna includes a manhole cover installed in a manhole in the Earth's surface; a main body installed in a cavity of an upper surface of the manhole cover and configured to convert an electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave to wirelessly communicate with a gateway separated from the manhole cover; and a radome inserted into the cavity to cover the main body.

Abstract: A method of configuring a multi-superframe is provided. The method includes setting at least one parameter for configuring the multi-superframe, and configuring the multi-superframe corresponding to the at least one parameter, wherein the at least one parameter includes a superframe order (SO), a beacon order (BO), and a multi-superframe order (MO), in a form of positive integers, and the setting includes setting the MO to have a value higher than the BO.

Abstract: Provided is a method of improving a bandwidth of an antenna using a transmission line stub to enable long-range communication together with broadband matching. According to the method, it is possible to combine a transmission line stub in series or parallel with a feeding point, which is an antenna signal input/output point of a body serving as an antenna, and apply the transmission line stub to an antenna for wide use.

Abstract: Provided is a small switchable directional control antenna that can perform direction control according to shapes and sizes of various devices. The antenna includes a dielectric layer, a radiation patch formed on a side of the dielectric layer, a ground plane formed on a side of the dielectric layer opposite to the side on which the radiation patch is formed and configured to have a plurality of slots formed at edges thereof, and a control module insulated from the ground plane and configured to control electrical connection between the radiation patch and the ground plane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a manhole type omnidirectional antenna having a relatively small angle between a main beam direction and the Earth's surface and exhibiting omnidirectional characteristics to allow long-range communication, wherein the manhole type omnidirectional antenna includes a manhole cover installed in a manhole in the Earth's surface; a main body installed in a cavity of an upper surface of the manhole cover and configured to convert an electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave to wirelessly communicate with a gateway separated from the manhole cover; and a radome inserted into the cavity to cover the main body.

Abstract: A method for transmitting and receiving a beacon packet based on multi-channels and a device supporting therefor which generate a beacon packet according to a scheduled super frame by a device, attempt broadcasting of the beacon packet in a beacon slot period of a super frame to a channel set in the super frame, verify whether the set channel is occupied by another device in the beacon slot period, reattempt broadcasting of the beacon packet to the set channel in another predetermined super frame when the set channel is occupied by another device in the beacon slot period, and update a p value according to whether the beacon packet is successfully broadcasted by a transmission probability p value (0<p<1) of a p-persistent CSMA-CA method.

Abstract: There is provided a control method for radiation beam direction of wireless transmission device in a method for controlling radiation beam for a mobile station considerably moving around in the wireless transmission device comprising: updating and storing movement data of moving position and moving direction of the mobile station every time it moves by receiving sensor data in the mobile station; calculating a moving point to move by using the stored movement data of the mobile station by the wireless transmission device; determining a sector zone of radiation beam emission for the moving point to move; and controlling radiation beam of the mobile station by using the sector zone for the determined radiation beam emission in the wireless transmission device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system includes an embedded-type antenna embedded in a base, and a wireless communication unit including a communication unit that is connected to the embedded-type antenna and exchanges information with an external device, and a housing that is arranged to surround the communication unit, wherein at least one of the communication unit and the housing performs transmission and reception of electric waves as a substitute of the embedded-type antenna.

Abstract: A method of configuring a multi-superframe is provided. The method includes setting at least one parameter for configuring the multi-superframe, and configuring the multi-superframe corresponding to the at least one parameter, wherein the at least one parameter includes a superframe order (SO), a beacon order (BO), and a multi-superframe order (MO), in a form of positive integers, and the setting includes setting the MO to have a value higher than the BO.

Abstract: There is provided a control method for radiation beam direction of wireless transmission device in a method for controlling radiation beam for a mobile station considerably moving around in the wireless transmission device comprising: updating and storing movement data of moving position and moving direction of the mobile station every time it moves by receiving sensor data in the mobile station; calculating a moving point to move by using the stored movement data of the mobile station by the wireless transmission device; determining a sector zone of radiation beam emission for the moving point to move; and controlling radiation beam of the mobile station by using the sector zone for the determined radiation beam emission in the wireless transmission device.

Abstract: Provided is a small switchable directional control antenna that can perform direction control according to shapes and sizes of various devices. The antenna includes a dielectric layer, a radiation patch formed on a side of the dielectric layer, a ground plane formed on a side of the dielectric layer opposite to the side on which the radiation patch is formed and configured to have a plurality of slots formed at edges thereof, and a control module insulated from the ground plane and configured to control electrical connection between the radiation patch and the ground plane.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for service discovery in a wireless personal area communication network. A method for service discovery, performed in a terminal, the method comprises performing a passive scan for searching a specific service based on whether to receive a frame including a specific service identifier; and, when it fails to search the specific service, performing an active scan which broadcasts a service discovery request command frame for searching the specific service. Thus, service discovery may be efficiently performed by reducing the operation complexity of the terminal and minimizing the power consumption of the terminal needed for service discovery, without support of a upper layer.

Abstract: Provided are a wake-up apparatus and wake-up method for a low power sensor node, and more particularly, to a wake-up apparatus and wake-up method for a low power sensor node, which can extend the battery life of the sensor node and minimize the amount of power consumed by an entire sensor network power by minimizing unnecessary power consumption of the sensor node. The wake-up apparatus for a low power sensor node includes: a wake-up signal detector receiving and detecting a wake-up signal of a sensor node; a wake-up radio frequency (RF) circuit unit filtering and amplifying the wake-up signal; and a wake-up baseband transducer detecting a wake-up address from the wake-up signal and comparing and verifying the wake-up address with a wake-up address that is provided from a server managing the sensor node.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system includes an embedded-type antenna embedded in a base, and a wireless communication unit including a communication unit that is connected to the embedded-type antenna and exchanges information with an external device, and a housing that is arranged to surround the communication unit, wherein at least one of the communication unit and the housing performs transmission and reception of electric waves as a substitute of the embedded-type antenna.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method of transmitting and receiving a wake-up signal. The method of receiving a wake-up signal includes the following: operating a radio frequency (RF) receiving unit that receives a wireless signal through an antenna during an SFD detecting time, wherein the SFD detecting time is shorter than a predetermined SFD detecting time period, according to the predetermined SFD detecting time period and detecting a start of frame delimiter (SFD) to indicate that the received wireless signal is a wake-up signal to wake-up a node in a sleep mode; and detecting the wake-up signal by continuously operating the RF receiving unit when the SFD is detected. Power consumption that is used to receive the wake-up signal can be reduced.

Abstract: A transimpedance amplifier for a burst mode optical communication converts a burst current signal into differential output voltage signals. Using a multi-level digital AGC mechanism, the transimpedance amplifier is rapidly adapted to a burst signal whose amplitude varies in a wide range. By using an adaptive level detection method, a multi-level digital AGC can be implemented without using ADC. In addition, because the transimpedance amplifier uses a selective reset generation scheme that performs a reset operation for itself after a high power burst, a burst mode operation can be performed without external reset signals. Accordingly, the transimpedance amplifier can be integrated with an optical detector within a TO-can. Furthermore, the transimpedance amplifier can have the burst mode capability and the best sensitivity.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for charging an internal battery in a wireless sensor network. A method for a slave sensor node to charge an internal battery in a sensor network includes estimating an hourly chargeable electric energy rate in a scan phase with a master sensor node, transmitting the estimated hourly chargeable electric energy rate using an association request message requesting association with the master sensor node after recognizing the master sensor node, requesting charging from the master sensor node and performing wireless charging when a power level of an internal battery requires charging, reporting the power level of the internal battery varied by the wireless charging to the master sensor node by predetermined time periods during the wireless charging, and stopping the wireless charging when the power level reported to the master sensor node reaches a predetermined power level.