Abstract: Provided are a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes: preparing a bottom substrate including sequentially stacked first and second portions, each of the first and second portions including a plurality of grains, wherein the maximum grain size of the second portion is less than the minimum grains size of the first portion; exposing the first portion of the bottom substrate by removing the second portion of the bottom substrate; and forming a photovoltaic conversion layer on the first portion of the bottom substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes: preparing a bottom substrate including sequentially stacked first and second portions, each of the first and second portions including a plurality of grains, wherein the maximum grain size of the second portion is less than the minimum grains size of the first portion; exposing the first portion of the bottom substrate by removing the second portion of the bottom substrate; and forming a photovoltaic conversion layer on the first portion of the bottom substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes: preparing a bottom substrate including sequentially stacked first and second portions, each of the first and second portions including a plurality of grains, wherein the maximum grain size of the second portion is less than the minimum grains size of the first portion; exposing the first portion of the bottom substrate by removing the second portion of the bottom substrate; and forming a photovoltaic conversion layer on the first portion of the bottom substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell including a flexible electrode. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes: first and second electrodes facing each other, and an electrolyte layer interposed between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode comprises a structure formed of conductive fibers, a nano-particle semiconductor oxide layer formed on a surface of the structure of the conductive fibers, and dye molecules adsorbed in the nano-particle semiconductor oxide layer.

Abstract: Provided are methods of forming a nano structure and method of forming a solar cell using the same. The method of forming the nano structure includes: preparing a template; ionizing a surface of the template; forming an oxide layer enclosing the template on the surface of the template; and removing the template.

Abstract: Provided are a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes: preparing a bottom substrate including sequentially stacked first and second portions, each of the first and second portions including a plurality of grains, wherein the maximum grain size of the second portion is less than the minimum grains size of the first portion; exposing the first portion of the bottom substrate by removing the second portion of the bottom substrate; and forming a photovoltaic conversion layer on the first portion of the bottom substrate.

Abstract: Provided are methods of forming a nano structure and method of forming a solar cell using the same. The method of forming the nano structure includes: preparing a template; ionizing a surface of the template; forming an oxide layer enclosing the template on the surface of the template; and removing the template.

Abstract: Provided are dye-sensitized solar cells in which a transparent conductive oxide is not used as a light receiving substrate and methods of fabricating the same. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes an upper electrode layer, which is disposed between a lower electrode layer and a photovoltaic conversion part and has through-holes, and a supporter disposed between the lower electrode layer and the light receiving substrate. The supporter may be a pore layer.

Abstract: Provided are a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method of fabricating the same. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate, a dielectric, a semiconductor electrode layer, a dye layer, and an electrolyte. The upper substrate is spaced from the lower substrate and has a light emitting surface facing a surface of the lower substrate and a light incident surface opposite to the light emitting surface. The dielectric is disposed on the surface of the lower substrate. The semiconductor electrode layer includes electrode dots disposed on the dielectric. The dye layer is disposed on surfaces of the electrode dots. The electrolyte is disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes a semiconductor electrode and a counter electrode that face each other, and an electrolytic solution interposed therebetween, wherein the semiconductor electrode includes: a conductive substrate; an oxide semiconductor-conductor structure formed on the conductive substrate; and dye molecules layer adsorbed onto the surface of the oxide semiconductor. A dye-sensitized solar cell manufactured using the method can effectively prevent electrons transferred to the conductor and an electrolyte from recombining, thus having maximal photoelectron conversion efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell including a flexible electrode. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes: first and second electrodes facing each other, and an electrolyte layer interposed between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode comprises a structure formed of conductive fibers, a nano-particle semiconductor oxide layer formed on a surface of the structure of the conductive fibers, and dye molecules adsorbed in the nano-particle semiconductor oxide layer.

Abstract: Provided are a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method of fabricating the same. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes a lower substrate and an upper substrate separated from each other, a semiconductor electrode layer on the lower substrate, a dye layer adsorbed onto a surface of the semiconductor electrode layer, and an electrolyte between the lower and upper substrates. Here, an upper surface of the lower substrate adjacent to the semiconductor electrode layer includes at least one recess for increasing a contact area between the semiconductor electrode layer and the lower substrate.

Abstract: A system for monitoring an optical output/wavelength is employed to be used for a WDM system having a narrow channel space by structuring an etalon and photodiode as an integrated structure.

Abstract: A system for monitoring an optical output/wavelength is employed to be used for a WDM system having a narrow channel space by structuring an etalon and photodiode as an integrated structure.