Abstract: Systems and methods for determining microbubble dynamics. The method may comprise introducing at least one microbubble into a vessel. The method may also comprise providing ultrasound waves through an outer surface of the vessel and to at least a portion of the at least one microbubble, wherein the ultrasound waves cause the at least one microbubble to oscillate and emit acoustic waves. The method may further comprise receiving, via at least one receiver, the acoustic waves and generating acoustic emission data based on the acoustic waves. The method may further comprise determining, based at least in part on the acoustic emission data, an acoustic emission frequency of the at least one microbubble. The method may also comprise determining, based at least in part on the acoustic emission frequency, at least one dynamic property of the at least one microbubble.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a guide for combining pattern pieces receives a selection of a first point in a first pattern piece and a selection of a second point in a second pattern piece to be combined with the first pattern piece, generates a virtual pattern piece in response to the selection of the second point being received, arranges the virtual pattern piece such that a third point in the virtual pattern piece having a position corresponding to the first point in the first pattern piece is matched to the second point in the second pattern piece, and provides a guide for combining the first pattern piece and the second pattern piece by moving the virtual pattern piece such that an outer line of the second pattern piece and an outer line of the virtual pattern piece correspond to each other.

Abstract: A teaching apparatus includes a chamber; an electrostatic chuck in the chamber, the electrostatic chuck including a sidewall surrounding a loading area; an aligner configured to be loaded onto the loading area of the electrostatic chuck; a vision sensor configured to obtain measurement data by measuring separation distances of separation regions between the aligner and the sidewall of the electrostatic chuck and to transmit the measurement data; a transfer robot configured to load the aligner onto a reference position of the loading area and to position the vision sensor above the electrostatic chuck; and controller configured to reset the reference position and to equalize the separation distances based on the measurement data transmitted from the vision sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simulating clothes receive a user setting for an area in which shirring is to be expressed in a two-dimensional (2D) pattern of clothes modeled with a mesh including a plurality of polygons, obtain a first line and a second line parallel to the first line from the area based on the user setting, generate inner lines that are perpendicular to at least one of the first line and the second line of the area between the first line and the second line and that have regular intervals, align polygons included in the area of the 2D pattern based on the inner lines, and perform a draping simulation of three-dimensional (3D) clothes corresponding to the 2D pattern in which the shirring is expressed by the aligned polygons.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a pattern piece receives, as an input from a user, a selection of at least a portion of an outer line of a pattern piece to be processed among one or more pattern pieces included in a two-dimensional (2D) pattern of clothes, generates a template including a plurality of lines that divide an area set by the input, processes the template based on fullness settings set by the user for the pattern piece, processes the pattern piece based on the processed template, and outputs the processed pattern piece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a guide for combining pattern pieces receives a selection of a first point in a first pattern piece and a selection of a second point in a second pattern piece to be combined with the first pattern piece, generates a virtual pattern piece in response to the selection of the second point being received, arranges the virtual pattern piece such that a third point in the virtual pattern piece having a position corresponding to the first point in the first pattern piece is matched to the second point in the second pattern piece, and provides a guide for combining the first pattern piece and the second pattern piece by moving the virtual pattern piece such that an outer line of the second pattern piece and an outer line of the virtual pattern piece correspond to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a guide for combining pattern pieces receives a selection of a first point in a first pattern piece and a selection of a second point in a second pattern piece to be combined with the first pattern piece, generates a virtual pattern piece in response to the selection of the second point being received, arranges the virtual pattern piece such that a third point in the virtual pattern piece having a position corresponding to the first point in the first pattern piece is matched to the second point in the second pattern piece, and provides a guide for combining the first pattern piece and the second pattern piece by moving the virtual pattern piece such that an outer line of the second pattern piece and an outer line of the virtual pattern piece correspond to each other.

Abstract: A teaching apparatus includes a chamber; an electrostatic chuck in the chamber, the electrostatic chuck including a sidewall surrounding a loading area; an aligner configured to be loaded onto the loading area of the electrostatic chuck; a vision sensor configured to obtain measurement data by measuring separation distances of separation regions between the aligner and the sidewall of the electrostatic chuck and to transmit the measurement data; a transfer robot configured to load the aligner onto a reference position of the loading area and to position the vision sensor above the electrostatic chuck; and controller configured to reset the reference position and to equalize the separation distances based on the measurement data transmitted from the vision sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simulating clothes receive a user setting for an area in which shirring is to be expressed in a two-dimensional (2D) pattern of clothes modeled with a mesh including a plurality of polygons, obtain a first line and a second line parallel to the first line from the area based on the user setting, generate inner lines that are perpendicular to at least one of the first line and the second line of the area between the first line and the second line and that have regular intervals, align polygons included in the area of the 2D pattern based on the inner lines, and perform a draping simulation of three-dimensional (3D) clothes corresponding to the 2D pattern in which the shirring is expressed by the aligned polygons.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simulating clothes receive a user setting for an area in which shirring is to be expressed in a two-dimensional (2D) pattern of clothes modeled with a mesh including a plurality of polygons, obtain a first line and a second line parallel to the first line from the area based on the user setting, generate inner lines that are perpendicular to at least one of the first line and the second line of the area between the first line and the second line and that have regular intervals, align polygons included in the area of the 2D pattern based on the inner lines, and perform a draping simulation of three-dimensional (3D) clothes corresponding to the 2D pattern in which the shirring is expressed by the aligned polygons.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a pattern piece receives, as an input from a user, a selection of at least a portion of an outer line of a pattern piece to be processed among one or more pattern pieces included in a two-dimensional (2D) pattern of clothes, generates a template including a plurality of lines that divide an area set by the input, processes the template based on fullness settings set by the user for the pattern piece, processes the pattern piece based on the processed template, and outputs the processed pattern piece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a pattern piece receives, as an input from a user, a selection of at least a portion of an outer line of a pattern piece to be processed among one or more pattern pieces included in a two-dimensional (2D) pattern of clothes, generates a template including a plurality of lines that divide an area set by the input, processes the template based on fullness settings set by the user for the pattern piece, processes the pattern piece based on the processed template, and outputs the processed pattern piece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a measurement of a two-dimensional (2D) pattern receives a plurality of points in a space in which a 2D pattern of clothing is displayed, determines an attribute of an area in which the points are included, measures a length of a line segment using the points based on the determined attribute of the area, and outputs the length of the line segment.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for a vacuum chamber capable of accurately measuring physical properties or quantities in the vacuum chamber in an exposure process in real time, and a measuring system including the measuring apparatus are described herein. The measuring apparatus includes: a body having a shape of an exposure mask used in an exposure process; and a measuring element in an interior of the body or on a first surface of the body. When the measuring apparatus is positioned in a vacuum chamber during the exposure process, the measuring apparatus is configured to measure physical properties in the vacuum chamber using the measuring element. The body or the measuring element is configured to withstand a vacuum in the vacuum chamber including resisting or preventing physical deformation of the body or the measuring element due to the vacuum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a pattern piece receives, as an input from a user, a selection of at least a portion of an outer line of a pattern piece to be processed among one or more pattern pieces included in a two-dimensional (2D) pattern of clothes, generates a template including a plurality of lines that divide an area set by the input, processes the template based on fullness settings set by the user for the pattern piece, processes the pattern piece based on the processed template, and outputs the processed pattern piece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a guide for combining pattern pieces receives a selection of a first point in a first pattern piece and a selection of a second point in a second pattern piece to be combined with the first pattern piece, generates a virtual pattern piece in response to the selection of the second point being received, arranges the virtual pattern piece such that a third point in the virtual pattern piece having a position corresponding to the first point in the first pattern piece is matched to the second point in the second pattern piece, and provides a guide for combining the first pattern piece and the second pattern piece by moving the virtual pattern piece such that an outer line of the second pattern piece and an outer line of the virtual pattern piece correspond to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simulating clothes receive a user setting for an area in which shirring is to be expressed in a two-dimensional (2D) pattern of clothes modeled with a mesh including a plurality of polygons, obtain a first line and a second line parallel to the first line from the area based on the user setting, generate inner lines that are perpendicular to at least one of the first line and the second line of the area between the first line and the second line and that have regular intervals, align polygons included in the area of the 2D pattern based on the inner lines, and perform a draping simulation of three-dimensional (3D) clothes corresponding to the 2D pattern in which the shirring is expressed by the aligned polygons.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a measurement of a two-dimensional (2D) pattern receives a plurality of points in a space in which a 2D pattern of clothing is displayed, determines an attribute of an area in which the points are included, measures a length of a line segment using the points based on the determined attribute of the area, and outputs the length of the line segment.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for a vacuum chamber capable of accurately measuring physical properties or quantities in the vacuum chamber in an exposure process in real time, and a measuring system including the measuring apparatus are described herein. The measuring apparatus includes: a body having a shape of an exposure mask used in an exposure process; and a measuring element in an interior of the body or on a first surface of the body. When the measuring apparatus is positioned in a vacuum chamber during the exposure process, the measuring apparatus is configured to measure physical properties in the vacuum chamber using the measuring element. The body or the measuring element is configured to withstand a vacuum in the vacuum chamber including resisting or preventing physical deformation of the body or the measuring element due to the vacuum.

Abstract: Smart hot water heater control can be improved by departing from the conventional approach of monitoring hot water demand at a single point (i.e., the water heater output). Instead, hot water demand is monitored at each location in the building where hot water is used. With this approach, the controller can provide hot water at a temperature suitable for the intended use, e.g., warm water for a bath or shower, and much hotter water for a dishwasher. This advantageously avoids inefficiency due to mixing hot and cold water at a tap to provide temperature control.