Abstract: The present invention is directed to electrostatic chucks, methods for their use, the electrostatic deposition of objects, such as particles in a dry powder, onto recipient substrates, and the recipient substrates themselves that have been subjected to electrostatic deposition. In one aspect, the present invention provides an electrostatic chuck for electrostatically attracting an object or objects wherein the object is used in chemical or pharmaceutical assaying or manufacturing. The objects can be pharmaceutical substrates, for example, such as a pharmaceutical tablet. Additional embodiments of the invention provide chucks and their use to electrostatically attract particles, such as a pharmaceutically active ingredient, to a substrate, such as a tablet. In one aspect, the electrostatic chuck comprises a floating electrode, and is used to selectively attract particles to a substrate above the floating electrode, thereby providing for charge imaging for the deposition of particles in a selected image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to analyte sensors including a first compartment adapted for introduction of a sample potentially containing the targeted analyte, and a second compartment separated from the first compartment by a barrier, wherein the analyte interacts with a component in the first compartment, or a polypeptide associated with the barrier, resulting in the transport of a species across the barrier, the transported species or a derivative thereof being detected by a detector, thereby indicating the presence of the analyte.

Abstract: A light sensor and method of detecting light using the light sensor are provided. The light sensor includes a container having an anode compartment and a cathode compartment. The anode compartment has an anode and the cathode compartment has a cathode. The container also includes a transparent portion that allows light into the anode compartment. A membrane separates the anode compartment and the cathode compartment. The membrane is able to allow protons to pass from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment. The anode compartment includes a photon-converting compound (“PCC”) for generating electrons by reaction with light. Also included are an imaging device and a method of using the imaging device.

Abstract: Still further provided is a fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment comprising: in the anode compartment, an anode electrode and, integrated into biocompatible membrane tethered to the anode electrode, a redox enzyme that can receive electrons from an electron carrier; in the cathode compartment, a cathode electrode which, when a conductive pathway to the first electrode is formed, is effective to convey the electrons to an electron acceptor composition in the cathode compartment; and a barrier separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment but effective to convey protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus for electrostatically adhering grains to a planar substrate comprising:

Abstract: In one embodiment, provided is a fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment comprising: in the anode compartment, an anode electrode and one or more dehydrogenase enzymes effective to transfer electrons from a C1 compound comprising carbon, oxygen and hydrogen (optionally consisting of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) to electron carrier(s), and wherein or further comprising one of the following:

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus for electrostatically adhering grains to a planar substrate comprising: a. an electrostatic chuck having a collection surface with at least one grain collection zone for, when the planar substrate is layered on the collection surface, electrostatically directing charged grains to a corresponding surface on the planar substrate; and b. a pattern of holes through the electrostatic chuck allowing a source of low pressure to act through the electrostatic chuck to adhere the planar substrate.

Abstract: Also provided is a fuel cell system comprising (1) a fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment adapted to operate with a least one liquid consumable comprising (i) a liquid fuel composition or (ii) liquid electron acceptor composition, and: (2) one or both of (a) a fuel reservoir comprising liquid fuel composition separated from the anode compartment by a porous membrane that is selected to not be wetted by either the liquid fuel composition or a solvent/solution with which the anode chamber is adapted to operate or (b) a liquid fuel composition reservoir separated from the cathode compartment by a porous membrane that is selected to not be wetted by either the liquid fuel composition or a composition with which the cathode chamber is adapted to operate.

Abstract: Provided is, among other things, a dry deposition apparatus for depositing grains on a substrate comprising:

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biocompatible membrane, solutions useful for producing a biocompatible membrane and fuel cells which can utilize biocompatible membranes produced from a synthetic polymer material consisting of at least one block copolymer and optionally at least one additive and a polypeptide.

Abstract: Still further provided is a fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment adapted to operate with a hydrogen peroxide as electron acceptor molecule, the fuel cell comprising: a first barrier separating the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, but effective to transport protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment; and a second barrier separating the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, which is more proximate to the cathode compartment than the first, wherein the second barrier is a biocompatible membrane or a proton-conductive polymeric membrane, the second barrier fitted to limit the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the first barrier.

Abstract: Additionally provided is a fuel cell with an anode compartment, a cathode compartment and a barrier separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment but effective to convey protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment, comprising in the anode compartment, one or more anode electrodes and, one or more dehydrogenase enzymes effective to transfer electrons from a C1 compound to electron carrier(s), wherein one or more of the said enzyme(s) are covalently linked to surface(s) within the anode compartment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to electrostatic chucks, methods for their use, the electrostatic deposition of objects, such as particles in a dry powder, onto recipient substrates, and the recipient substrates themselves that have been subjected to electrostatic deposition. In one aspect, the present invention provides an electrostatic chuck for electrostatically attracting an object or objects wherein the object is used in chemical or pharmaceutical assaying or manufacturing. The objects can be pharmaceutical substrates, for example, such as a pharmaceutical tablet. Additional embodiments of the invention provide chucks and their use to electrostatically attract particles, such as a pharmaceutically active ingredient, to a substrate, such as a tablet. In one aspect, the electrostatic chuck comprises a floating electrode, and is used to selectively attract particles to a substrate above the floating electrode, thereby providing for charge imaging for the deposition of particles in a selected image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilized biocompatible membrane, solutions useful for producing a stabilized biocompatible membrane and fuel cells which can be produced using a stabilized biocompatible membrane in accordance with the present invention. Biocompatible membranes are produced from synthetic polymer materials which include at least one stabilizing polymer and at least one polypeptide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biocompatible membrane, solutions useful for producing biocompatible membranes and fuel cells in which compatible membranes in accordance with the invention may be used. The biocompatible membranes are produced from a synthetic polymer material which can include a polymer, copolymer or block copolymer with the proviso that when a synthetic copolymer material includes at least one block copolymer it also includes at least one polymer or copolymer. The membranes also include a polypeptide.

Abstract: Provided is a method using a dry deposition apparatus for depositing grains on a substrate comprising: an electrostatic chuck having one or more collection zones, wherein the substrate is layered on the chuck for processing; a charged grain delivery apparatus for directing charged grains for electrostatic deposition on the substrate at the locations of the collection zones; and an optical detection device for quantifying the amount of grains deposited.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to electrostatic chucks, methods for their use, the electrostatic deposition of objects, such as particles in a dry powder, onto recipient substrates, and the recipient substrates themselves that have been subjected to electrostatic deposition. In one aspect, the present invention provides an electrostatic chuck for electrostatically attracting an object or objects wherein the object is used in chemical or pharmaceutical assaying or manufacturing. The objects can be pharmaceutical substrates, for example, such as a pharmaceutical tablet. Additional embodiments of the invention provide chucks and their use to electrostatically attract particles, such as a pharmaceutically active ingredient, to a substrate, such as a tablet. In one aspect, the electrostatic chuck comprises a floating electrode, and is used to selectively attract particles to a substrate above the floating electrode, thereby providing for charge imaging for the deposition of particles in a selected image.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus for electrostatically adhering grains to a planar substrate comprising: a. an electrostatic chuck having a collection surface with at least one grain collection zone for, when the planar substrate is layered on the collection surface, electrostatically directing charged grains to a corresponding surface on the planar substrate; and b. a pattern of holes through the electrostatic chuck allowing a source of low pressure to act through the electrostatic chuck to adhere the planar substrate.

Abstract: A substrate is robotically picked up at a station and transported to a measuring station to measure the distance to a reference. The substrate is aligned to a robot before measurement. The measured substrate is then transported to a pharmaceutical or diagnostic powder/grain deposition station where the powder/grains are controllably deposited on the substrate to predetermined thicknesses over a plurality of powder/grain collection zones. The deposited powder/grains are then measured to determine the thickness and area covered by the deposited powder/grains at each collection zone. The substrate is then transported to a lamination station and each collection zone of powder/grains is welded to a cover substrate. The system remembers which collection zones are out of specification so that they can be later selectively discarded.

Abstract: A substrate is roboticaly picked up at a station and transported to a measuring station to measure the distance to a reference. The substrate is aligned to a robot before measurement. The measured substrate is then transported to a pharmaceutical or diagnostic powder/grain deposition station where the powder/grains are controllably deposited on the substrate to predetermined thicknesses over a plurality of powder/grain collection zones. The deposited powder/grains are then measured to determine the thickness and area covered by the deposited powder/grains at each collection zone. The substrate is then transported to a lamination station and each collection zone of powder/grains is welded to a cover substrate. The system remembers which collection zones are out of specification so that they can be later selectively discarded.