Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless communication system comprise receiving an optical signal including an interference signal and a target signal, attenuating the interference signal, and converting the optical signal in which the interference signal is attenuated, into electric signals via a photodiode array, wherein a transceiver comprises a first optical filter upon which the optical signal is incident, and a second optical filter upon which the optical signal having passed through the first optical filter is incident, wherein the interference signal may be attenuated through the first optical filter and the second optical filter.

Abstract: A method by which a transmission terminal transmits a signal in an optical wireless communication system can comprise: transmitting a first optical signal including a reference signal to a reception terminal having established a communication link with the transmission terminal; receiving feedback information about the first optical signal from the reception terminal; and transmitting a second optical signal to the reception terminal on the basis of the feedback information, wherein an orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode of the second optical signal can be selected on the basis of the feedback information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment of the present invention, may comprise a feature of applying a phase pattern to a wavefront of an optical signal and a feature of transmitting the optical signal. The phase pattern may be determined on the basis of an optical phase shift characteristic of a phase mask, and the phase mask may be determined on the basis of a quantization order and a phase order.

Abstract: The present specification provides a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) method by which a transmitting end transmits a message on the basis of differential time coding, in a quantum communication system.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed relate to methods of treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including: selecting a therapeutic compound: treating an aberrant arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway in an ALS cell.

Abstract: Proposed is a receiving UE for receiving a signal in optical wireless communication, according to the present disclosure. The receiving UE may include: a transceiver for receiving an optical signal of an orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode from a transmitting terminal; a demodulator composed of at least one phase shifter; a photoelectricity converter composed of at least one photodiode; and a processor connected to the transceiver, the demodulator, and the photoelectricity converter. In addition, the at least one phase shifter may convert an optical signal of the OAM mode into an optical signal of a Gaussian mode, and the at least one photodiode may convert an optical signal of the Gaussian mode into an electrical signal.

Abstract: In the present specification, provided are an apparatus and a method for obtaining gradient information, performed by a terminal, in a wireless communication system, wherein the terminal transmits a random access (RA) preamble to a base station, receives a random access response (RAR) from the base station in response to the RA preamble, performs a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the base station, establishes a digital transmission link on the basis of the RRC connection procedure with the base station, and establishes an airComp link that is a link for federated learning with the base station, wherein the terminal acquires the gradient information corresponding to data, and the terminal obtains first information and second information from the gradient information on the basis of data splitting modulation, wherein the first information is information having a lower priority among the information obtained on the basis of the gradient information, the second information is information ha

Abstract: The present specification provides a method fir transmitting learning class information, the method being performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system and comprising the steps of transmitting a random access (RA) preamble to a base station; receiving a random access response (RAR) from the base station in response to the RA preamble; performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the base station; determining the learning class information, wherein the learning class information is information about the degree of performance improvement in online learning, and the online learning is artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm-based learning following the activation of the wireless communication system; transmitting the learning class information to the base station; and performing channel state information (CSI) feedback according to the learning class information.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for transmitting and receiving in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefore. Specifically, in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for transmitting and receiving a signal by a receiving apparatus, the method includes receiving, from a transmitting apparatus, signals modulated based on a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) method through a plurality of reception paths, calculating a differential value in each reception path of the plurality of reception paths based on the received signals, and calculating reliability for the received signals, in which the reliability is proportional to a real value of a sum of the differential values in each reception path of the plurality of reception paths.

Abstract: A communication system supporting quantum key distribution is disclosed. A method performed by a first device comprises transmitting or receiving a random access (RA) preamble to or from a second device, receiving or transmitting a random access response (RAR) message from or to the second device as a response to the RA preamble, performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the second device, generating a sift key for communication with the second device and performing communication through a radio channel with the second device using the sift key.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method performed by the device to correct an error in a quantum communication system. The method is characterized by comprising: transmitting a random access (RA) preamble to another device; receiving a random access response (RAR) from the other device as a response to the RA preamble; performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the other device; and transmitting data to the other device, wherein the data is encoded on the basis of key information, the error is measured on the basis of a test pulse, and the key information is distributed to the device and the other device on the basis of the error being corrected using an improved Faraday rotator mirror of the device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for transmitting a signal by a transmission terminal in optical wireless communication. The method may comprise: applying a phase pattern to the wavefront of an optical signal; and transmitting the optical signal. Further, the phase pattern may be determined on the basis of the optical phase conversion characteristics of a phase mask provided in the transmission terminal.

Abstract: A method of operating a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system and a device supporting the same are disclosed. As an example, a method performed by a first device in a communication system may comprise transmitting, to a second device, a random access (RA) preamble, receiving, from the second device, a random access response (RAR) message as a response to the RA preamble, performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the second device, generating a sift key for communication with the second device, and performing communication through a radio channel with the second device using the sift key.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method by which a base station performs federated learning in a wireless communication system. A method, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprises: receiving, by a base station, a plurality of local parameters from a plurality of terminals; obtaining an integrated parameter on the basis of the plurality of local parameters; and transmitting the integrated parameter to each of the plurality of terminals, wherein at least one bias included in the plurality of local parameters is removed by using the plurality of local parameters. The base station/terminals of the present disclosure may be linked to an artificial intelligence, module, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a device related to a 6G service, and the like.

Abstract: A superposition-based method for transmitting and receiving signals in wireless communication is provided. Provided is a signal reception method performed by a base station which performs federated machine-learning in a wireless communication system, the signal reception method comprising the steps of: receiving an aggregated signal; demodulating the aggregated signal; and decoding the aggregated signal, wherein the decoding is performed on the basis of a codebook combining the respective codebooks of a plurality of terminals, the aggregated signal is obtained by superposition, on a wireless channel, of signals respectively transmitted from the plurality of terminals, and the respective signals include information about neural network parameters related to the federated machine-learning respectively performed by the plurality of terminals.

Abstract: Provided is a method and device for correcting an error in a communication system, the method including: transmitting, to another device, data encrypted based on key information. The key information is obtained by: incident a detection pulse on a variable Faraday rotating mirror and a reference pulse on a first mirror, respectively, wherein the detection pulse and the reference pulse are pulses branched from a test pulse; generating a first current in a balanced photodetector (BPD) based on a first component obtained as the detection pulse is reflected from the variable Faraday rotating mirror and a second component obtained as the reference pulse is reflected from the first mirror; converting the first current into a second current; incident the second current on the variable Faraday rotating mirror; and correcting the error in the variable Faraday rotating mirror based on the incident second current.

Abstract: A signal transmission method performed by means of a terminal for performing federated learning in a wireless communication system is provided. According to the signal transmission method, the terminal receives downlink control information (DCI) from a base station, the DCI informing of a specific computation group ID and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), modulates and encodes data on the basis of the MCS when the specific computation group ID is the same as a computation group ID allocated to the terminal, the data including a parameter related to the federated learning performed by the terminal, and transmits a signal including the data to the base station on the basis of the modulation and encoding.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, disclosed is a communication method for reducing an overhead of a reference signal. The communication method according to the present disclosure comprises the steps in which: a reception unit receives a reference signal from a transmission unit; the reception unit obtains channel state information on the basis of the reference signal; the reception unit obtains loss information on the basis of the channel state information; the reception unit selects a mask to be applied to the reference signal on the basis of the quality of the loss information; and the reception unit transmits the selected mask to the transmission unit. The terminal of the present disclosure can be linked to an artificial intelligence module, a drone (unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)), a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a device related to 6G services, and the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure a method of operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting a reference signal to a base station by the UE; receiving a response message from the base station based on the reference signal by the UE; and transmitting a local parameter of a local model to the base station by the UE, wherein the response message comprises transmission mode information, resource allocation information and feedback information of the reference signal, and wherein the transmission mode information indicates a first transmission mode or a second transmission mode, the local parameter of the local parameter is transmitted based on the indicated first transmission mode or second transmission mode, and the local parameter of the local model is related to federated learning.

Abstract: A method for performing reinforcement learning by a V2X communication device in an autonomous driving system, specifically, a method for performing reinforcement learning in consideration of an application rate of a reward according to age in terms of the freshness of a reward for an action, is proposed. An agent transmits an action message and controls a reflection rate of a reward through AoI management for a reward message, so that rewards transmitted from a plurality of devices are suitably reflected in an environment of a reinforcement learning-based autonomous driving system, and an optimal policy can be found accordingly.