Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device, which may prevent a damage of an electrode and include a lower substrate and an upper substrate configured to face each other with an electrolyte layer therebetween, an upper electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the upper substrate, a lower electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the lower substrate, an upper ion reactive layer provided between the upper electrode and the electrolyte layer, and a lower protection layer provided between the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer and configured to prohibit the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer from contacting.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical modulator. An optical modulator comprises a substrate, an upper transparent electrode on the substrate, a partition wall providing a chamber between the substrate and the upper transparent electrode, an optical modulation member provided in the chamber and disposed on the substrate, and an electrolyte filling the chamber and including a first metal in an ionic state. The optical modulation member comprises a reflection layer on the substrate, and a lower transparent electrode on the reflection layer.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and separated from the first substrate, a plurality of liquid crystal parts disposed between the first and second substrates, and separated in a horizontal direction from each other, spacers for separating the liquid crystal parts between the first and the second substrates, and immobilization patterns disposed in each of the liquid crystal parts, and including an optically active material.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device, which may prevent a damage of an electrode and include a lower substrate and an upper substrate configured to face each other with an electrolyte layer therebetween, an upper electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the upper substrate, a lower electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the lower substrate, an upper ion reactive layer provided between the upper electrode and the electrolyte layer, and a lower protection layer provided between the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer and configured to prohibit the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer from contacting.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent display apparatus including a lower panel on which a shutter region and a light emitting region are horizontally disposed, an upper panel including a recessed region configured to cover the shutter region and the light emitting region to face the lower panel, a light emitting device, and a shutter device. The shutter device includes a lower electrode and an electrochromic material layer that are sequentially laminated in the shutter region of the lower panel, an upper electrode disposed in the recessed region of the upper panel, and an electrolyte layer filled between the electrochromic material layer and the upper electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include: a first base substrate; a driving circuit unit disposed on the first base substrate and including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines and a plurality of thin film transistors electrically connected to the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of data lines; a driving circuit controller including a gate driver disposed between the driving circuit unit and the first base substrate and outputting a gate signal to the gate lines, a data driver outputting a data voltage to the plurality of data lines and an interface circuit unit controlling operation timings of the gate driver and the data driver; and an image embodying unit disposed on the driving circuit unit and embodying an image in response to a signal received from the driving circuit unit.

Abstract: Provided are a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a method of fabricating the same. The complex spatial light modulator includes a thin film transistor (TFT) layer provided on a substrate, an amplitude type SLM and a phase type SLM electrically connected to the TFT layer, and a first polarizer provided on the phase type SLM, wherein the TFT layer includes transistors electrically connected to the amplitude type SLM and the phase type SLM, respectively, and the amplitude type SLM and the phase type SLM are commonly and electrically connected to the TFT layer and driven.

Abstract: Provided is a reversible electrochemical mirror including a first substrate, a second substrate on the first substrate and spaced apart from the first substrate, a first transparent electrode on the first substrate, a second transparent electrode under the second substrate, a semi-transmissive film between the second substrate and the second transparent electrode, a barrier rib having a chamber between the first and second transparent electrode and an electrolyte solution filled in the chamber.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device and a method for driving the electrochromic device, the electrochromic device including a first electrode, a first electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrochromic layer, and a second electrode which are laminated in sequence, at least one selected from among the group consisting of the first and second electrochromic layers and the electrolyte layer including scattering particles, and the electrochromic device further including an additional layer that contains the scattering particles and is disposed between the electrolyte layer and the first or second electrochromic layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device including a first electrochromic layer, which includes a first nanostructure having first pores and first electrochromic molecules provided on the first nanostructure, on a first electrode, an electrolyte disposed on a top surface of the first electrochromic layer and extending to first recessed portions of the first electrochromic layer, and a second nanostructure disposed on the electrolyte. The first nanostructure may have the first recessed portions in a top surface thereof. The second nanostructure may have second pores therein and second recessed portions in a bottom surface thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The display device includes a reflective display part including a first cathode electrode and a first anode electrode and a liquid crystal layer, a light emitting display part including a second cathode electrode and a second anode electrode and a light emission film, and a thin film transistor part being electrically connected to the first and second anode electrodes. The light emitting display part further includes a bank disposed on one side of the second anode electrode between the second anode electrode and the light emission film.

Abstract: Provided is a display device. The display device includes a lower display element where a substrate, a first lower electrode, a liquid crystal part, and a second lower electrode are sequentially stacked, an upper display element stacked vertical to the lower display element, where a first upper electrode, a light emitting part, a second upper electrode, and a protective part are sequentially stacked, and a middle part configured to deliver a driving signal to the lower and upper display elements, between the lower and upper display elements.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device including a first electrochromic layer, which includes a first nanostructure having first pores and first electrochromic molecules provided on the first nanostructure, on a first electrode, an electrolyte disposed on a top surface of the first electrochromic layer and extending to first recessed portions of the first electrochromic layer, and a second nanostructure disposed on the electrolyte. The first nanostructure may have the first recessed portions in a top surface thereof. The second nanostructure may have second pores therein and second recessed portions in a bottom surface thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a holographic display device. The holographic display device includes a light source unit configured to emit a light, and a spatial light modulator (SLM) configured to modulate at least one of a phase and amplitude of the light emitted from the light source unit to output a hologram image, and including a plurality of pixel groups that are arranged in a first direction, wherein each of the plurality of pixel groups includes: first pixels arranged in a matrix x1×y1 and providing an image having a first wavelength, and second pixels adjacent to the first pixels in the first direction, arranged in a matrix x2×y2, and providing an image having a second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and separated from the first substrate, a plurality of liquid crystal parts disposed between the first and second substrates, and separated in a horizontal direction from each other, spacers for separating the liquid crystal parts between the first and the second substrates, and immobilization patterns disposed in each of the liquid crystal parts, and including an optically active material.

Abstract: A dual mode display apparatus according to the inventive concept includes a lower substrate, a first lower electrode on the lower substrate, a light switching layer on the first lower electrode, a first upper electrode on the light switching layer, a passivation layer on the first upper electrode, a contact plug connected to the first upper electrode and penetrating the passivation layer, a second lower electrode on the contact plug and the passivation layer, an organic light-emitting layer on the second lower electrode, a second upper electrode on the organic light-emitting layer, and an upper substrate on the second upper electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a reversible electrochemical mirror including a first substrate, a second substrate on the first substrate and spaced apart from the first substrate, a first transparent electrode on the first substrate, a second transparent electrode under the second substrate, a semi-transmissive film between the second substrate and the second transparent electrode, a barrier rib having a chamber between the first and second transparent electrode and an electrolyte solution filled in the chamber.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and separated from the first substrate, a plurality of liquid crystal parts disposed between the first and second substrates, and separated in a horizontal direction from each other, spacers for separating the liquid crystal parts between the first and the second substrates, and immobilization patterns disposed in each of the liquid crystal parts, and including an optically active material.

Abstract: Provided are a dual-mode display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The device includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate facing the lower substrate, a thin-film transistor portion between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, a first anode on one side of the thin-film transistor portion, a first cathode between the first anode and the upper substrate, an organic light-emitting layer between the first cathode and the first anode, a second anode on the other side of the thin-film transistor portion, a second cathode between the second anode and the upper substrate, or the second anode and the lower substrate, and a optical switching layer between the second cathode and the second anode.

Abstract: Provided are a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a method of fabricating the same. The complex spatial light modulator includes a thin film transistor (TFT) layer provided on a substrate, an amplitude type SLM and a phase type SLM electrically connected to the TFT layer, and a first polarizer provided on the phase type SLM, wherein the TFT layer includes transistors electrically connected to the amplitude type SLM and the phase type SLM, respectively, and the amplitude type SLM and the phase type SLM are commonly and electrically connected to the TFT layer and driven.