Abstract: A method for selecting a driving maneuver to be carried out by an at least semi-autonomously driving vehicle is disclosed. The method includes (i) using measurement data of at least one sensor carried by the vehicle, creating a representation of the situation the vehicle is in, (ii) mapping the representation of the situation to a probability distribution by way of a trained machine learning model, which probability distribution specifies a probability for every driving maneuver from a predefined catalog of available driving maneuvers, with which said driving maneuver is carried out, (iii) selecting a driving maneuver from the probability distribution as the driving maneuver to be carried out, (iv) in addition to using at least one aspect of the situation the vehicle is in, a subset of driving maneuvers which are disallowed in this situation is determined, and (v) this disallowed driving maneuver is prevented from being carried out.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of producing mammalian cell populations that include a high proportion of pancreatic beta cells are described herein. Such cell populations are useful for treatment of diabetes. Also provided are materials and methods for the direct differentiation of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, into functional pancreatic beta cells. The disclosure provides the benefit of direct differentiation, which results in the production of functional pancreatic beta cells efficiently and at low cost.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the simple, fast, effective and safe directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into the mature beta cells of enriched beta clusters, wherein the beta cells rapidly and reliably secrete insulin in response to glucose levels. The cells are useful transplant therapeutics for diabetic individuals. These cells can also be used for drug screening purposes to identify factors/chemicals capable of increasing beta cell functions, proliferation, survival, and resistance to immune assault.

Abstract: A method and a device for detecting collisions for a vehicle. In this context, an at least three-stage method is described. A first collision check, a second collision check, and a third collision check are performed. Surface areas are considered step-by-step along a section of a trajectory of the vehicle. In the individual steps, the surface areas in the individual steps being approximated to the actual swath of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining an expected contour of a mobile or stationary device for avoiding collisions, using at least one control unit that is internal external to the device includes: obtaining a movement trajectory of the device, which contains probability densities based on state estimation, at least based on expected values and covariances; obtaining a base polyhedron and an approximate contour of the device having a limited number of corners, a confidence interval within which a collision with the static and dynamic surroundings of the device is to be avoided being defined; transforming the base polyhedron to the at least one probability density of the movement trajectory that describes the state estimation; and, for each corner of the transformed base polyhedron, computing a transformed device contour, and ascertaining the expected contour of the device with inclusion of all transformed device contours.

Abstract: A method and to a device for controlling an autonomously driving passenger transport vehicle. The driving behavior of the passenger transport vehicle is adapted to an ascertained passenger situation. When the vehicle is empty, driving may be rather aggressive, whereas in the case of there being occupants in the vehicle, more attention may be paid to their comfort and safety.

Abstract: A system includes a processor that, for example, by executing a computer program, performs a method for generating parking space for vehicles, the method including ascertaining whether a need exists for parking space for vehicles within a geographical area that includes a roadway, if the need is determined to exist, ascertaining whether a side area of the roadway is usable as parking space, and, responsive to a positive result of the determination, designate the side area as the parking space, and control a signaling device to signal the availability of the side area for vehicle parking.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the simple, fast, effective and safe directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into pancreatic beta-like cells secreting insulin in response to glucose levels. The cells are useful transplant therapeutics for diabetic individuals.

Abstract: A method and a device for calculating a trajectory of a vehicle. In this context, a starting position and a target position of the vehicle are defined; a number of possible trajectories, which precisely interconnect the starting position and the target position, are generated, for each possible trajectory, different path elements being interlinked in different ways to interconnect the starting position and the target position of the vehicle, the path elements being interlinked in such a manner, that a possible trajectory may only have a discontinuous curvature characteristic at a node between two path elements, if the possible trajectory traces a change of direction of the vehicle at the node; and a trajectory is selected from the possible trajectories on the basis of a characteristic of the possible trajectories.

Abstract: A method for adapting a driving behavior of a semi, highly or fully automated vehicle and includes the following steps: receiving passenger compartment data; ascertaining a safety state of at least one vehicle occupant which in particular represents an injury probability of the vehicle occupant in the event of an accident, based on the passenger compartment data; and adapting the driving behavior of the vehicle based on the safety state of the at least one vehicle occupant.

Abstract: A method and a device for detecting collisions for a vehicle. In this context, an at least three-stage method is described. A first collision check, a second collision check, and a third collision check are performed. Surface areas are considered. step-by-step along a section of a traectory of the vehicle. In the individual steps, the surface areas in the individual steps being approximated to the actual swath of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining an expected contour of a mobile or stationary device for avoiding collisions, using at least one control unit that is internal external to the device includes: obtaining a movement trajectory of the device, which contains probability densities based on state estimation, at least based on expected values and covariances; obtaining a base polyhedron and an approximate contour of the device having a limited number of corners, a confidence interval within which a collision with the static and dynamic surroundings of the device is to be avoided being defined; transforming the base polyhedron to the at least one probability density of the movement trajectory that describes the state estimation; and, for each corner of the transformed base polyhedron, computing a transformed device contour, and ascertaining the expected contour of the device with inclusion of all transformed device contours.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the simple, fast, effective and safe directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into the mature beta cells of enriched beta clusters, wherein the beta cells rapidly and reliably secrete insulin in response to glucose levels. The cells are useful transplant therapeutics for diabetic individuals. These cells can also be used for drug screening purposes to identify factors/chemicals capable of increasing beta cell functions, proliferation, survival, and resistance to immune assault.

Abstract: A method for adapting a driving behavior of a semi, highly or fully automated vehicle and includes the following steps: receiving passenger compartment data; ascertaining a safety state of at least one vehicle occupant which in particular represents an injury probability of the vehicle occupant in the event of an accident, based on the passenger compartment data; and adapting the driving behavior of the vehicle based on the safety state of the at least one vehicle occupant.

Abstract: A system includes a processor that, for example, by executing a computer program, performs a method for generating parking space for vehicles, the method including ascertaining whether a need exists for parking space for vehicles within a geographical area that includes a roadway, if the need is determined to exist, ascertaining whether a side area of the roadway is usable as parking space, and, responsive to a positive result of the determination, designate the side area as the parking space, and control a signaling device to signal the availability of the side area for vehicle parking.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of producing mammalian cell populations that include a high proportion of pancreatic beta cells are described herein. Such cell populations are useful for treatment of diabetes. Also provided are materials and methods for the direct differentiation of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, into functional pancreatic beta cells. The disclosure provides the benefit of direct differentiation, which results in the production of functional pancreatic beta cells efficiently and at low cost.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the simple, fast, effective and safe directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into pancreatic beta-like cells secreting insulin in response to glucose levels. The cells are useful transplant therapeutics for diabetic individuals.

Abstract: Biphosphites of formula I ##STR1## wherein m is 0, 1 or 2,n is 1 to 4 or 6,R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and, if m=2, the radicals R.sub.1 are identical or different, and A is the radical of an at least n-hydric alcohol or phenol, which radical is attached to the P atom or atoms through the alcoholic or phenolic O atom or atoms, obtainable by reacting a compound of formula II ##STR2## wherein m is 0, 1 or 2, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and, if m=2, the radicals R.sub.1 are identical or different and R.sub.2 ' is phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylphenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, with a polyether polyol or polyether/ester polyol, the hydroxy functions of said polyether polyol or polyether/ester polyol being partially or completely esterified with the ##STR3## are suitable for use as stabilizers, especially processing stabilizers, for organic polymers, preferably PVC resins, high density polyethylene and propylene.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I, II, III or IV ##STR1## wherein X is halogen, OH, --OR.sup.1, --OOCR.sup.2, --OOC--R.sup.4 --COOR.sup.3 or --N(R.sup.5)(R.sup.6), or the two X groups together form a group --O--R.sup.9 --O-- or --OOC--R.sup.9 --COO--, Y has one of the meanings given for X, or it is --NHR.sup.5, --NHNH.sub.2 or --NHNH-phenyl, Z has one of the meanings given for X, or is --SR, and R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.9 and R' are organic radicals having the meanings defined hereinbelow, are thermal stabilizers for chlorine-containing thermoplastics particularly for PVC. Their effect can be further intensified by the addition of co-stabilizers.

Abstract: Copolyesters of terephthalic acid, 1,4-butanediol and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of the formula Ihooc--r--cooh (i)wherein R represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing not more than 34 carbon atoms, are eminently suitable as impact modifiers for polyalkylene terephthalates for improving the toughness properties.