Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for information transmission, wherein a piece of electronic information (2) is transmitted from a transmission terminal (3) of a transmitter (S) to a receiver terminal (31) of a receiver (E), comprising the following steps: a first transaction step (c), in which a first data record (22) is generated by the transmission terminal (3), said data record having at least one hash value (13, 14, 20), and the first data record (22) is transferred to a blockchain (16), a first verification step (d), in which the first data record (22) in the blockchain (16) is verified and stored as a first verified data record (6), a second transaction step (1), in which a second data record (7) is generated by the receiver terminal (31), said second data record having at least one public receiver key (17a) or a receiver identification (25), and the second data record (7) is transferred to the blockchain (16), a second verification step (m), in which the second data record (7) in the block

Abstract: A process for preparing phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula (I) by reacting benzyl chlorides of the formula (II) with a compound of the formula R6OH and with carbon monoxide in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of a catalyst which comprises at least one compound of a transition metal of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, where R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently of one another are the following radicals: a hydrogen or fluorine atom; a CH2Cl radical; a HO2CCH═CH—, NC— or CF3— group; an alkyl, alkoxy or acyloxy radical having in each case 1 to 18 carbon atoms; or a C6-C18-aryloxy, aryl or heteroaryl radical.

Abstract: Bidentate phosphine ligands of the formula 1

Abstract: Bidentate phosphine ligands of the formula wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification and a process for preparing linear aldehydes by hydroformylating internal olefins using such phosphine ligands.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the catalytic preparation of N-acylglycine derivatives. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the catalytic preparation of N-acylglycine derivatives by reacting an aldehyde with a carboxamide and carbon monoxide in the presence of a palladium compound, an ionic halide and an acid as catalyst.

Abstract: A process for separating hydrogen chloride from a mixture including an N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and hydrogen chloride by distilling the mixture including an N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and hydrogen chloride at from 100 to 220° C. and from 50 to 850 hPa in the presence of water in a distillation column, condensing the water as water-hydrogen chloride azeotrope at the top by cooling, returning the water-hydrogen chloride azeotrope to the distillation column, separating off gaseous hydrogen chloride at the top and taking off the N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone from the bottom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of bipyridyls by converting at least one pyridine of the formula (III) in which S′, S″, S′″, S″″ and S′″″, independently of one another, are identical or different and are hydrogen, (C1-C18)-alkyl, alkoxy-(C1-C18), acyloxy-(C1-C18), aryloxy-(C1-C18), perfluoroacyloxy-(C1-C8), NO2, (C1-C18)-aryl, (C1-C18)-heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, nitroso, CN, COOH, CHO, PO3H2, SO3H, SO2R, SOR, NH2, NH-alkyl-(C1-C18), N-alkyl2-(C1-C18), protected amine, CF3, NHCO-alkyl-(C1-C4), N-alkyl-(C1-C4)-CO-alkyl-(C1-C4), COO-alkyl-(C1-C18), CONH2, CO-alkyl-(C1-C18), NHCOH, NHCOO-alkyl-(C1-C4), CO-(C1-C18)-aryl, COO-(C1-C18)-aryl, CHCH-CO2-alkyl-(C1-C18), CHCHCO2H, PO-phenyl2, PO-alkyl2-(C1-C4), (COO−)n(cation)n+, (PO32−)n(cation)2n+, (SO3−)n(cation)n+ and/or (O−)n(cation)n+, where optionally S′, S″, S′″, S″″ and/or S&pr

Abstract: Bidentate phosphine ligands of the formula 1

Abstract: A process for preparing phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula (I) by reacting benzyl chlorides of the formula (II) 1

Abstract: Biaryls, e,g,. biphenyls, phenylpyridines, phenylfurans, phenylpyrroles, phenylthiophenes, bipyridines, pyridylfurans or pyridylpyrroles are prepared in high yields by coupling aromatics with an aromatic boric acid or boric ester in the presence of a palladaphosphacyclobutane catalyst.

Abstract: Aromatic amines of the formula (I) Ar—[NR6R7]n  (I) are prepared by reacting a haloaromatic of the formula (II) Ar—Hal  (II) with an amine of the formula (III) R6R7NH  (III) in the presence of a palladaphosphacyclobutane and a base and in the presence or absence of an ionic halide in a solvent at temperatures of from 20 to 200° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an isochroman-3-one of the formula (I) by reaction of a 1,2-bishalomethylbenzene of the formula (II) in which X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, with carbon monoxide and a compound of the formula (III) R5R6R7C—OH  (III) at a CO pressure of 0.1 to 50 MPa and a temperature of 20 to 200° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating hydrogen chloride from a mixture comprising an N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and hydrogen chloride by distilling the mixture comprising an N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and hydrogen chloride at from 100 to 220° C. and from 50 to 850 hPa in the presence of water by means of a distillation column, condensing the water as water-hydrogen chloride azeotrope at the top by cooling, returning the water-hydrogen chloride azeotrope to the distillation column, separating off gaseous hydrogen chloride at the top and taking off the N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone from the bottom.

Abstract: Bidentate phosphine ligands of the formula wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification and a process for preparing linear aldehydes by hydroformylating internal olefins using such phosphine ligands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing N-acylglycine derivatives of the formula (III) 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a 3-isochromanone of the formula (I) by reaction of an o-chloromethylphenylacetic acid of the formula (II) at a temperature of 100 to 250° C. in the presence or absence of an ionic halide, in the presence or absence of an organic solvent with and removal of hydrogen chloride, where in the formulae (I) and (II) the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently of one another are: a hydrogen or fluorine atom; an NC or F3C group; an alkyl alkoxy or acyloxy radical, each having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; or a C6-C18-aryloxy, aryl or heteroaryl radical, 1 to 3 atoms from the group consisting of O, N and/or S being present as heteroatoms; or in which at least two of the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 are linked to one another and form at least one aliphatic or aromatic ring having 5 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing monofunctional, bifunctional and polyfunctional aromatic olefins of the formula (I) by reacting haloaromatics of the formula (II) with olefins of the formula (III) wherein a palladium compound of the formula (IV) is used as catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovering cobalt carbonyl catalysts used in the preparation of N-acyl-alpha-amino acid derivatives by amidocarbonylation comprising the process steps:adding aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution to the reaction solution present after the preparation of the N-acyl-.alpha.-amino acid derivative,then separating the aqueous phase containing water-soluble cobalt(II) salt from the nonaqueous product-containing phase,subsequently adding an alkali metal salt of the N-acyl-alpha-amino acid derivative to the aqueous phase from the previous process step,then separating off the precipitated cobalt salt of the N-acyl-alpha-amino acid derivative, andfinally converting the resulting cobalt salt of the N-acyl-alpha-amino acid derivative into the cobalt carbonyl catalyst in the presence of a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to palladaphosphacyclobutanes of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy, fluorine, N[(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl].sub.2, CO.sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, OCO-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl or aryl;R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are, independently of one another, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl or aryl;or where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 or R.sup.4, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 or R.sup.6, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together form an aliphatic ring; or where R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 or R.sup.6 together form an aromatic ring; andY is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid, with the exception of the compoundsdi-.mu.-chloro-bis[2-[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphino]-2-methylpropyl-C,P]d ipalladium(II)di-.mu.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an isochroman-3-one of the formula (I) by reacting a 1,2-bishalomethylbenzene of the formula (II) ##STR1## in which X is chlorine, bromine or iodine with carbon monoxide and water at a CO pressure of from 0.1 to 50 MPa and a temperature of from 20 to 200.degree. C. in the presence or absence of an ionic halide, in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a dipolar aprotic solvent, where in the formulae (I) and (II) the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another denote:a hydrogen or fluorine atom;a HO.sub.2 CCH.dbd.CH--, NC-- or F.sub.3 C group;an alkyl, alkoxy or acyloxy radical having in each case 1 to 18 carbon atoms; or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryloxy, aryl or heteroaryl radical, where the heteroatoms present are 1 to 3 atoms from the group O, N and/or S;a R.sup.5.sub.2 P(.dbd.O)--, R.sup.6 C(.dbd.O)--, R.sup.6 OC(.dbd.O)--, R.sup.6 OC(.dbd.O)CH.dbd.CH--, R.sup.7 C(.dbd.O)--, R.sup.7 OC(.dbd.O)CH.dbd.CH-- or R.sup.7.sub.