Abstract: The image registration systems and methods according to this invention register reflectance and fluorescence hyperspectral imagery and provide the spatial image transformation between the reflectance and fluorescence hyperspectral imagery. A reflectance image is embedded into the fluorescence hyperspectral imagery and thereby resolves the resemblance problem of reflectance and fluorescence hyperspectral imagery. The reflectance image is embedded into the fluorescence hyperspectral imagery using (1) light from a narrow-band source embedded in Ultraviolet (UV) excitation light, (2) second order diffracted light, and/or (3) Ultraviolet (UV) excitation light reflectance. Resembling reflectance images are calculated from the reflectance hyperspectral imagery and the embedded reflectance image in the fluorescence hyperspectral imagery. The two respective reflectance images are pre-processed to maximize the resemblance between them.

Abstract: The image registration systems and methods according to this invention register reflectance and fluorescence hyperspectral imagery and provide the spatial image transformation between the reflectance and fluorescence hyperspectral imagery. A reflectance image is embedded into the fluorescence hyperspectral imagery and thereby resolves the resemblance problem of reflectance and fluorescence hyperspectral imagery. The reflectance image is embedded into the fluorescence hyperspectral imagery using (1) light from a narrow-band source embedded in Ultraviolet (UV) excitation light, (2) second order diffracted light, and/or (3) Ultraviolet (UV) excitation light reflectance. Resembling reflectance images are calculated from the reflectance hyperspectral imagery and the embedded reflectance image in the fluorescence hyperspectral imagery. The two respective reflectance images are pre-processed to maximize the resemblance between them.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for operating a driven component includes first and second electromagnets having respective first and second pole faces oriented toward one another and defining a space therebetween; an armature disposed between the electromagnets and movable back and forth between the first and second pole faces in a direction of motion; a driving component attached to the armature for moving therewith as a unitary structure; and a resetting spring unit attached solely to the driving component or the driven component and exerting forces opposing movements of the armature caused by electromagnetic forces generated by the electromagnets. The resetting spring unit is in a relaxed state when the armature is in a mid position between the first and second pole faces and is in an armed state upon movement of the armature from the mid position in either direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator includes a housing; two spaced electromagnets disposed in the housing and having respective pole faces oriented toward one another; an armature movable between the pole faces; an opening spring and a closing spring exerting oppositely directed forces to the armature; a supply arrangement for delivering hydraulic oil under pressure; and an armature stem affixed to the armature and having a free end oriented toward a free end of a valve stem of an engine valve of an internal-combustion engine. The valve stem and the armature stem are urged toward one another by the opening and closing springs. The armature stem is provided with a channel adapted to be supplied with hydraulic oil from the supply arrangement. Further, a guide is provided for supporting and guiding the armature stem in displacements thereof.