Abstract: Techniques for providing a virtual operating space for performing a virtual surgical procedure. The technique includes generating a three-dimensional view of a virtual operating space comprising one or more virtual objects capable of being manipulated by a user for performing one or more operating steps in a virtual surgical procedure on one or more virtual patients. The technique also includes manipulating the one or more virtual objects in the virtual operating space to perform all or part of a virtual surgical procedure. The technique further includes generating a virtual radiographic image of one or more portions of the virtual patient at least following the performance of one or more steps of the virtual surgical procedure to provide visual feedback to the user regarding the performance of the one or more steps in the virtual surgical procedure.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying glue (4) onto book block spines, including a glue basin (5), at least one application roller (6) that is partially immersed in the glue basin (5) and the periphery of which rolls over the book blocks (2). In order to apply the glue exactly and with a uniform thickness when operating at high cycle capacities, the length and the thickness of the glue application are controlled with two separate roller scrapers. A first (metering) scraper (7) can be adjusted relative to the application roller (6) for metering the thickness of the glue being applied, and a second (on/off) scraper (8) can be adjusted between an application position and a zero application position. The distance of the on/off scraper (8) from the application roller (6) is greater than that of the metering roller (7) in the application position. The on/off scraper (8) has a fixed stroke such that simple actuators can be used for generating this digital control movement, e.g.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and a device for producing components and semi-finished products from synthetic graphite or from ceramic granules, in particular for producing graphite tubes, involving shaping of a material to be mixed preferably containing petroleum coke or graphite granules, by means of an extrusion press (22) or an extruder, wherein the process provides the following steps: a) Pre-pressing the material (20) to be mixed in static or quasi-static manner, flow movements of the material (20) to be mixed being stopped or impeded in such a way that particles previously irregularly arranged in the material to be mixed are initially aligned transversely to the direction of pressing, b) Pressing out of the pre-pressed material (20) to be mixed through an outlet opening (28) of the extrusion press (22) or the extruder in such a way that owing to adjusted flow properties of the material (20) to be mixed, the particles within the pre-compressed material (20) to be mixed realign, starting from thei

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for the quantitative gas analysis in which the gas analysis of a sample atmosphere is implemented by means of a sensor device, a diffusion seal being produced between the sample atmosphere contained in a sample system and a measuring chamber and the gas analysis of the sample atmosphere which is diffused into the measuring chamber being implemented with the sensor device, the sensor head (5) being able to be coupled to the measuring adapter (4) and the radiation source (16) and the detector device (17) being fixed to the measuring chamber (9) in a defined orientation and the measuring radiation (24) emitted from the radiation source (16) traversing at least once through the measuring chamber (9) and being detected by the detector device (17) after leaving the measuring chamber (9).

Abstract: A gas sensor configuration comprises a radiation-emitting radiation device, a gas measuring chamber, a detector unit and an evaluation device. A measuring gas that contains at least one gas component is present in the gas measuring chamber. The evaluation device detects the gas component and/or its concentration depending on the output signal of the detector unit. The radiation emitting device comprises at least one source that emits a measuring radiation and at least one reference radiation source, the latter being switched on periodically to measure the aging state of the source that emits the measuring radiation. The evaluation device detects the aging of the source that emits the measuring radiation on the basis of deviations with respect to the output signals of the detector unit when the reference radiation source and the source that emits the measuring radiation are switched on, and, if necessary, compensates for the aging.

Abstract: A rotating stitcher 4 for driving U-shaped wire stitches 43 into printed products 3 being conveyed along a linear path, wherein a stapling closing device 5 cooperates with the stitcher 4, for closing the wire stitches 43. The rotating stitcher 4 has stitching heads 7 which are hinged around a rotating support 6. A control device guarantees that the stitching heads 7 are swung into a position where the direction of displacement E of the stitch plunger 10 is at right angles to the direction of transport A of the products 3 to be stitched. This takes place before or during entry of the stitching head 7 into the stitching area. While the wire stitches are driven in and stitched, the stitching heads 7 are held in this position and thus move linearly in the stitching area. The heads 32 of the stapling closing device 5 are guided in the same way, so that they move linearly during stapling, just like the allocated staple head 7.

Abstract: An endoprosthesis for a shoulder joint that provides for an adjustable distance between the head portion and the shank portion is provided. The head portion of the endoprosthesis is connected through a threaded connection to the proximal end of the shank portion such that the distance between the head portion and the shank portion can be varied. In operation, the head portion is screwed into the shank portion until the desired distance is obtained.

Abstract: Carrier-supported catalyst on the basis of transition metals for the removal of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and/or organic compounds from exhaust gases, which can be produced by one of: combination a), combination b), combination c) where (a) comprises charging of a carrier with at least one metal complex compound with a plane or nearly plane conformation, and activation of the charged carrier with (i) a gas mixture which contains nitrogen oxide and/or oxygen, at temperatures between room temperature and 500.degree. C., or with (ii) a solution which contains nitric acid and/or an oxidation agent, or (b) comprises charging of a carrier with at least one transition metal oxide or transition metal carbonate, and treatment of the charged carrier with an oxidizing gas mixture, which contains free ligands capable of complex formation, at temperatures between room temperature and 500.degree. C.

Abstract: Process of manufacture, and method of use of a carrier-supported catalyst with transition metal phthalocyanines for the oxidizing treatment of exhaust gases which gases contain volatile compounds containing oxygen and/or nitrogen, which catalyst can be obtained by charging a carrier with at least one transition metal phthalocyanine and activation of the charged carrier with (i) a gas mixture which contains nitrogen oxide and/or oxygen, at temperatures between room temperature and 500.degree. C., or with (ii) a solution which contains nitric acid and/or an oxidation agent.