Abstract: A process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve oxidizing sulfur to sulfur dioxide by way of dried air in a first oxidation stage. The sulfur dioxide may then be oxidized to sulfur trioxide in a second oxidation stage. The sulfur trioxide may be absorbed by sulfuric acid in at least one absorption stage. Further, heated sulfuric acid may be drawn off from the absorption stage and used for generating steam. Process gas from an intermediate absorption stage may be recycled to the second oxidation stage and, in some cases, a final absorption stage after the process gas flows through the second oxidation stage.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve oxidizing sulfur to sulfur dioxide by way of dried air in a first oxidation stage. The sulfur dioxide may then be oxidized to sulfur trioxide in a second oxidation stage. The sulfur trioxide may be absorbed by sulfuric acid in at least one absorption stage. Further, heated sulfuric acid may be drawn off from the absorption stage and used for generating steam. Process gas from an intermediate absorption stage may be recycled to the second oxidation stage and, in some cases, a final absorption stage after the process gas flows through the second oxidation stage.

Abstract: In a production mode a process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve oxidizing sulfur to sulfur dioxide in a first oxidation stage, and catalytically oxidizing the sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in a second oxidation stage. The sulfur trioxide may be absorbed in at least one absorption stage. In the production mode, process gases from a last of the at least one absorption stage with respect to a flow direction are discharged. In a standby mode of the process, at least one heating stage for heating the process gases is connected. The process gases exiting from the at least one absorption stage are conveyed to the heating stage, and the process gases are circulated via the heating stage, the second oxidation stage, and the absorption stage.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve melting elemental sulfur in a melting stage to give molten sulfur. Sulfuric acid is subsequently produced from the molten sulfur. Further, sulfur-containing offgases formed in the melting stage may be subjected to oxidation in a supplementary oxidation stage in which sulfur-containing components of the offgases are oxidized to sulfur dioxide. The process may further involve processing the sulfur dioxide to give at least one reaction product. The melting stage may be operated without emissions by processing all of the offgases from the melting stage. An apparatus may be employed for carrying out such a process.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor may have at least one reactor module and a shell that extends about a reactor center axis. The reactor module may include a gas distribution chamber, a gas collection chamber, and a catalyst. The gas distribution chamber may be connected to a shell-side gas feed. The gas collection chamber may be connected to a shell-side gas discharge. A catalyst bed between the distribution and collection chambers may extend transversely to the reactor center axis. The gas distribution and collection chambers are bounded by the catalyst bed and reactor walls. The gas feed either opens into the gas distribution chamber on the shell side or is connected to a pipe length that extends towards the reactor center axis and opens into the gas distribution chamber in the region of the reactor center axis. A height parallel to the reactor center axis of the gas distribution chamber reduces towards the reactor center axis starting from a mouth of the gas feed in the case of a shell-side connection.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor may have at least one reactor module and a shell that extends about a reactor center axis. The reactor module may include a gas distribution chamber, a gas collection chamber, and a catalyst. The gas distribution chamber may be connected to a shell-side gas feed. The gas collection chamber may be connected to a shell-side gas discharge. A catalyst bed between the distribution and collection chambers may extend transversely to the reactor center axis. The gas distribution and collection chambers are bounded by the catalyst bed and reactor walls. The gas feed either opens into the gas distribution chamber on the shell side or is connected to a pipe length that extends towards the reactor center axis and opens into the gas distribution chamber in the region of the reactor center axis. A height parallel to the reactor center axis of the gas distribution chamber reduces towards the reactor center axis starting from a mouth of the gas feed in the case of a shell-side connection.

Abstract: In a production mode a process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve oxidizing sulfur to sulfur dioxide in a first oxidation stage, and catalytically oxidizing the sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in a second oxidation stage. The sulfur trioxide may be absorbed in at least one absorption stage. In the production mode, process gases from a last of the at least one absorption stage with respect to a flow direction are discharged. In a standby mode of the process, at least one heating stage for heating the process gases is connected. The process gases exiting from the at least one absorption stage are conveyed to the heating stage, and the process gases are circulated via the heating stage, the second oxidation stage, and the absorption stage.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve melting elemental sulfur in a melting stage to give molten sulfur. Sulfuric acid is subsequently produced from the molten sulfur. Further, sulfur-containing offgases formed in the melting stage may be subjected to oxidation in a supplementary oxidation stage in which sulfur-containing components of the offgases are oxidized to sulfur dioxide. The process may further involve processing the sulfur dioxide to give at least one reaction product. The melting stage may be operated without emissions by processing all of the offgases from the melting stage. An apparatus may be employed for carrying out such a process.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthesis gas from coke is described herein. The process comprises the steps of: (a) subjecting hard coal to dry pyrolysis, resulting in the production of a gas mixture containing hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and carbon monoxide as major constituents and carbon sulphides as minor constituents; (b) subjecting the gas mixture to hydrogenation at a temperature in the range of 200 to 280° C. over a sulphidic cobalt molybdenum catalyst provided on an aluminium oxide carrier material; and (c) separating the hydrogen sulphide obtained from hydrogenation from the gas mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reducing emissions of byproduct gas when charging oven chambers of a battery of coking ovens, on the proviso that the oven chamber (1) to be charged is opened on the machine side (MS) of the battery of coking ovens, and a block of compressed coal (10) is introduced into the opened oven chamber (1). Byproduct gases released during introduction of the block of compressed coal (10) into the hot oven chamber (1), are discharged through a byproduct-gas manifold (11) attached to the oven chamber (1) and are then preferably freed of dust and incinerated. Crude gases formed in the closed oven chambers during coking are discharged through a crude-gas manifold (3) attached to the oven chambers (1) and are passed on for treatment by at least one gas scrubber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the biological purification of coking plant wastewater that is loaded with nitrogen compounds, cyanides, phenols and sulphides. The coking plant wastewater, for removal of pollutants that inhibit a nitrification, is fed together with a biomass-containing stream of matter to a detoxification reactor that has a gas-treatment zone and a reaction zone. The feed mixture supplied to the detoxification reactor is exposed in the gas-treatment zone to a gaseous oxidizing agent. A stream of matter enriched with the oxidizing agent is fed to the reaction zone in which cyanides and other pollutants inhibiting the nitrification are biodegraded. A stream of matter is withdrawn from the reaction zone and returned to the detoxification reactor. In addition, a wastewater stream from the detoxification reactor is separated by a membrane filtration into a biomass-containing retentate stream and a purified permeate stream.

Abstract: A method for removing high-boiling hydrocarbons from water-soluble solvent flows, wherein said solvent flows are produced in industrial processes which circulate a solvent as a part of the process, and the solvent must be periodically or permanently freed of high-boiling hydrocarbons which influence the quality or the desired properties of the solvent in an unwanted way, and water is added for carrying out the method in a phase separator, so that the high-boiling hydrocarbons are separated off because of their immiscibility with water, and then the water-miscible phase containing water and solvent is returned to the process. According to the invention, the proportion of high-boiling hydrocarbons in circulating solvents in an industrial process can be kept permanently low.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthesis gas from coke is described herein. The process comprises the steps of: (a) subjecting hard coal to dry pyrolysis, resulting in the production of a gas mixture containing hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and carbon monoxide as major constituents and carbon sulphides as minor constituents; (b) subjecting the gas mixture to hydrogenation at a temperature in the range of 200 to 280° C. over a sulphidic cobalt molybdenum catalyst provided on an aluminium oxide carrier material; and (c) separating the hydrogen sulphide obtained from hydrogenation from the gas mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for gas scrubbing, in particular for removing CO2 from flue gas by means of amine scrubbing. The apparatus comprises a cooling stage for directly cooling and for pre-scrubbing a gas flow entering the apparatus by means of a liquid fed to the cooling stage, an absorption stage for removing at least one gas component from the gas flow by means of a scrubbing liquid fed to the absorption stage, and a post-scrubber for depleting at least one volatile component of the scrubbing liquid from the cleaned gas flow. According to the invention, the cooling stage, the absorption stage, and the post-scrubber are arranged one above the other and connected to form a washing tower.

Abstract: A method for scrubbing sulfur-containing gases with a circulated ammoniacal scrubbing solution is described. A sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing gas is freed from sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds with an aqueous alkaline solvent suchthat a purified industrial gas and a solvent loaded with nitrogen compounds and sulfur compounds is obtained, which is then passed into a desorption column. A desorbed acid gas is obtained which is passed into a Claus process such that the majority of the sulfur compounds are removed. The residual gas from the Claus process is hydrogenated such that a sulfur-containing and ammonia-containing residual gas is obtained which is passed into the absorption column where it is purified using the same aqueous solvent as in the first circuit, whereafter the loaded solvent is passed from this column into the desorption column from the first gas scrubber in such a manner that only one desorption column is required.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for regenerating a scrubbing liquid which is provided for a gas scrub and is enriched in aromatic hydrocarbons in a regeneration column, wherein the scrubbing liquid enriched in aromatic hydrocarbons is brought into contact with steam in a first regeneration stage of the regeneration column and the aromatic hydrocarbons are thereby partly removed from the scrubbing liquid, the scrubbing liquid purified in the first regeneration stage is divided into a first stream and a second stream, the second stream is discharged as purified scrubbing liquid for the gas scrub, the first stream is, for the purpose of further regeneration, fed to a second regeneration stage of the regeneration column in which the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons is reduced compared to the concentration in the second stream by contact with steam, a stream of steam is firstly conveyed through the second regeneration stage and subsequently through the first regeneration stage and the first stream is disc

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing aromatic hydrocarbons from coke oven gas (COG), in which biodiesel is conveyed in a circuit as scrubbing liquid. The coke oven gas (COG) is brought into contact with the biodiesel in a first gas scrubbing stage to separate off aromatic hydrocarbons. The biodiesel enriched in aromatic hydrocarbons is then taken off from the first gas scrubbing stage, heated and regenerated by stripping with steam. The biodiesel which has been regenerated by stripping is then, after cooling, fed back into the first gas scrubbing stage. According to the invention, the coke oven gas (COG) purified in the first gas scrubbing stage is fed to a further, second gas scrubbing stage to which a more highly stripped substream of the biodiesel is fed as scrubbing liquid.

Abstract: A methane-rich gas from synthesis gas is made in a methane reactor with a row of methanation stages and, at an upstream end of the row of methanation stages, a CO conversion stage. An incoming stream of synthesis gas containing CO and H2 is split into a plurality of partial streams, one of which is fed to the reactor upstream of the CO conversion stage. Each of the other partial syngas streams is fed to the reactor upstream of a respective one of the methanation stages such that methanation takes place in each of the methanation stages and gas exits from the stages and mixes with the partial syngas stream being fed to the next downstream stage. A plurality of partial streams are diverted from a product-gas stream issuing from the furthest downstream stage and are each fed to the reactor upstream of a respective one of the methanation stages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing the nitrogen content in the oxygenous oxidation gas of a Claus plant, by which control of the temperature in the combustion furnace of a Claus plant can be achieved, by combusting a sulphurous acid gas in a Claus combustion furnace so that a sulphur dioxide-containing product gas is obtained, from which a part-stream is branched off, which, as determined by a measured value, is recycled to the oxygenous oxidation gas so to avoid an undesired temperature increase in the combustion furnace, when, occasionally, an acid gas which is very rich in sulphur is fed to the combustion furnace of a Claus plant, and to at the same time achieve a reduction of the nitrogen content in the Claus tail gas.

Abstract: A method for the dry quenching of coke using steam with subsequent use of the synthesis gas generated, the method involving the cyclic coking of coal to coke with the coke being sent to a quenching device after being discharged from the coke oven and steam being introduced into the quenching device for dry quenching, thus creating synthesis gas made up of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) via a water-gas reaction, and the synthesis gas produced being fed to a further application. This method allows the heat generated during coking to be used for the production of useful synthesis gas which, in turn, can be used for a further purpose or in the heating process, thus on the whole achieving an extremely even energy balance throughout the entire process.