Abstract: Provided herein are non-invasive and non-destructive methods for classifying the type of external corrosion defect and the severity thereof in the cathodic protection system on a buried pipeline. Mathematical tools and algorithms are utilized to classify the type and the severity of the corrosion defect.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting defects in pipelines are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for detecting defects in pipelines includes: generating an electrical signal in a first pipeline by a signal generator electrically connected with the first pipeline and a second pipeline. A reflected signal is acquired by data acquisition equipment electrically connected with the first pipeline and the second pipeline. The reflected signal at least partially reflects from a defect in the first pipeline or the second pipeline. The method also includes analyzing the reflected signal to determine at least one of a location of the defect and a severity of the defect. In some embodiments, the first pipeline and a second pipeline are connected with a shunt cable.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting defects in pipelines are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for detecting defects in pipelines includes: generating an electrical signal in a first pipeline by a signal generator electrically connected with the first pipeline and a second pipeline. A reflected signal is acquired by data acquisition equipment electrically connected with the first pipeline and the second pipeline. The reflected signal at least partially reflects from a defect in the first pipeline or the second pipeline. The method also includes analyzing the reflected signal to determine at least one of a location of the defect and a severity of the defect. In some embodiments, the first pipeline and a second pipeline are connected with a shunt cable.

Abstract: A method to assess external corrosion in buried pipelines includes analysis of moisture content of soil along the length of the pipe to choose the most appropriate indirect inspection methods. External corrosion is assessed based on the unification of probability techniques using clustered inspection data and deterministic formulation for soil conditions. A deterministic model pinpoints the location of the most likely areas for corrosion due to the electrochemical cell formation produced by the presence of water and the properties of the soil, such as ion concentrations, pH, soil resistivity, redox potential, corrosion potential and soil type. The filtering of the data by clustering provides reliable results to locate the most corrosive locations. The failure probability is calculated based on in-line inspection data, where different indications could appear and different dimensions are used to link the corrosivity with the failure for choosing repairing methods and taking actions against corrosion.

Abstract: Polymeric antioxidants of offer the ability to simultaneously control properties such as hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, adhesion to a substrate, and glass transition temperature. The polymeric antioxidants offer advantages and superior properties to other compounds. Corrosion barriers including a polymeric antioxidant may be formed. A corrosion barrier coating may include multiple layers. The multiple layers may include an epoxy-based barrier layer and a polymeric antioxidant layer. The multiple layers may be discrete or mixed. The polymeric antioxidant layer may be a synthetic polymeric antioxidant that is formed by synthesizing at least one monomer and synthesizing a polymer from the at least one monomer using a controlled radical polymerization technique.

Abstract: A method to assess external corrosion in buried pipelines includes analysis of moisture content of soil along the length of the pipe to choose the most appropriate indirect inspection methods. External corrosion is assessed based on the unification of probability techniques using clustered inspection data and deterministic formulation for soil conditions. A deterministic model pinpoints the location of the most likely areas for corrosion due to the electrochemical cell formation produced by the presence of water and the properties of the soil, such as ion concentrations, pH, soil resistivity, redox potential, corrosion potential and soil type. The filtering of the data by clustering provides reliable results to locate the most corrosive locations. The failure probability is calculated based on in-line inspection data, where different indications could appear and different dimensions are used to link the corrosivity with the failure for choosing repairing methods and taking actions against corrosion.

Abstract: Improved capacitors containing novel electrodes are described. One electrode composition comprises mixed metal oxides of the transition metals nickel and cobalt in a molar ratio of 0.5:1 or greater, and optionally containing a binder and carbon nanotubes. The resulting capacitors can be characterized by superior properties including higher specific capacitance values at higher voltage scan rates than the prior art. Methods of forming the electrodes that produce superior results are also described.