Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel salt of a 1-sulfonyl pyrrole derivative, and to a novel salt having excellent solubility in vivo, stability, bioavailability, and the like, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

Abstract: An embodiment acceleration limit control method includes determining an acceleration limit based on information on a passenger, determining a disturbance torque due to a disturbance, other than a drive source of a vehicle, based on at least a slope, determining a torque limit satisfying the acceleration limit based on the disturbance torque, and determining an output torque to be generated by the drive source based on the torque limit and a driver's requested torque.

Abstract: A system for controlling a lock-up of engine clutch may include an engine and a motor; the engine clutch mounted between the engine and the motor and configured to selectively transmit power of the engine between the engine and the motor; a hybrid starter generator (HSG) connected to a crank pulley of the engine and driven to start the engine; and a controller connected to the HSG and configured to determine a virtual engine speed in an engine firing process and a torque reduction ratio of the HSG according to the virtual engine speed after an engine cranking process and determine a correction reduction ratio with respect to the torque reduction ratio of the HSG using a difference value between the virtual engine speed and an actual engine speed, and adjust an increase or a decrease of the torque reduction ratio of the HSG to synchronize an engine speed with a motor speed for the lock-up of the engine clutch.

Abstract: A motor torque control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle includes: a calculator for calculating a model speed of a motor, a control model speed, an anti-jerk torque, and an anti-jerk torque control factor; and a controller for controlling the calculator. At the time of LFU shifting, the controller controls a motor speed using the anti-jerk torque, determines whether the motor speed controlled using the anti-jerk torque is abnormal based on the maximum difference value between the motor speed and the model speed and a reduction in the motor speed, corrects the anti-jerk torque based on the control model speed and the anti-jerk torque control factor upon determining that the motor speed is abnormal, and controls the motor speed using the corrected anti-jerk torque.

Abstract: An embodiment acceleration limit control method includes determining an acceleration limit based on information on a passenger, determining a disturbance torque due to a disturbance, other than a drive source of a vehicle, based on at least a slope, determining a torque limit satisfying the acceleration limit based on the disturbance torque, and determining an output torque to be generated by the drive source based on the torque limit and a driver's requested torque.

Abstract: A system for controlling a lock-up of engine clutch may include an engine and a motor; the engine clutch mounted between the engine and the motor and configured to selectively transmit power of the engine between the engine and the motor; a hybrid starter generator (HSG) connected to a crank pulley of the engine and driven to start the engine; and a controller connected to the HSG and configured to determine a virtual engine speed in an engine firing process and a torque reduction ratio of the HSG according to the virtual engine speed after an engine cranking process and determine a correction reduction ratio with respect to the torque reduction ratio of the HSG using a difference value between the virtual engine speed and an actual engine speed, and adjust an increase or a decrease of the torque reduction ratio of the HSG to synchronize an engine speed with a motor speed for the lock-up of the engine clutch.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling a driving mode of a vehicle are provided. The apparatus includes a mode converter that converts the driving mode of the vehicle based on an operation of a mode conversion input. When the driving mode is converted into a custom mode, a mode setting screen for adjusting a setting value of a driving characteristic preset is configured and the configured mode setting screen is displayed on a display of the vehicle. A tuning device then tunes a driving characteristic of the custom mode based on a setting value adjusted on the mode setting screen.

Abstract: A motor torque control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle includes: a calculator for calculating a model speed of a motor, a control model speed, an anti-jerk torque, and an anti-jerk torque control factor; and a controller for controlling the calculator. At the time of LFU shifting, the controller controls a motor speed using the anti-jerk torque, determines whether the motor speed controlled using the anti-jerk torque is abnormal based on the maximum difference value between the motor speed and the model speed and a reduction in the motor speed, corrects the anti-jerk torque based on the control model speed and the anti-jerk torque control factor upon determining that the motor speed is abnormal, and controls the motor speed using the corrected anti-jerk torque.

Abstract: An anti-jerk control system and method of an eco-friendly vehicle are provided to prevent a driver from sensing a difference in vehicle starting at an initial stage when the vehicle is parked on a downhill road. The anti-jerk control method uses a motor as a driving source and includes calculating an actual speed of the motor, calculating a model speed of the motor, and acquiring a gradient of a road, on which the vehicle is located, using a gradient detector. Additionally, the method includes determining a speed offset value that corresponds to the acquired gradient, compensating the model speed by the speed offset value, and calculating a motor vibration component using a difference between the compensated model speed and the actual speed of the motor. Then, anti-jerk compensation torque is calculated using the calculated motor vibration component.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling a hybrid electric vehicle capable of improving acceleration response upon kick-down. The method includes calculating a rising gradient of a motor speed increasing during kick-down shift based on a present speed of a motor for driving the vehicle which is detected at a control unit in real time, upon detection of demand of kick-down shift due to acceleration operation of a driver, calculating a falling gradient of intervention torque based on the rising gradient of the motor speed at the control unit, determining an entry point of intervention control based on the present speed of the motor detected at the control unit in real time, and performing torque intervention control for controlling driving of the motor in order to output intervention torque, namely, motor torque decreased based on the falling gradient of intervention torque calculated from the determined entry point at the control unit.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling a hybrid electric vehicle capable of improving acceleration response upon kick-down. The method includes calculating a rising gradient of a motor speed increasing during kick-down shift based on a present speed of a motor for driving the vehicle which is detected at a control unit in real time, upon detection of demand of kick-down shift due to acceleration operation of a driver, calculating a falling gradient of intervention torque based on the rising gradient of the motor speed at the control unit, determining an entry point of intervention control based on the present speed of the motor detected at the control unit in real time, and performing torque intervention control for controlling driving of the motor in order to output intervention torque, namely, motor torque decreased based on the falling gradient of intervention torque calculated from the determined entry point at the control unit.

Abstract: An anti jerk control system and method of an eco-friendly vehicle are provided to prevent a driver from sensing a difference in vehicle starting at an initial stage when the vehicle is parked on a downhill road. The anti-jerk control method uses a motor as a driving source and includes calculating an actual speed of the motor, calculating a model speed of the motor, and acquiring a gradient of a road, on which the vehicle is located, using a gradient detector. Additionally, the method includes determining a speed offset value that corresponds to the acquired gradient, compensating the model speed by the speed offset value, and calculating a motor vibration component using a difference between the compensated model speed and the actual speed of the motor. Then, anti-jerk compensation torque is calculated using the calculated motor vibration component.

Abstract: A toner to develop electrostatic latent images which uses an appropriate combination of a high molecular weight binder resin and a low molecular weight binder resin, an appropriate amount of a releasing agent, and a combination of silica particles and iron oxide particles as external additives, and thus has the following effects: the toner may reduce a generation amount of ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and have enhanced fluidity, charging uniformity, charging stability, transfer efficiency, fixability, durability and a cleaning ability.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for driving a switched reluctance motor (SRM) including: a converter for applying a direct current (DC) voltage supplied from a power supply unit to each phase coil of the SRM via a switching operation; and a processor for controlling a switching operation of the converter based on a driving state of the SRM.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an apparatus for driving a motor, in which the apparatus includes a rectifier configured to rectify an input voltage to generate a driving voltage, and a motor driver configured to apply the driving voltage to the respective phases of the motor through a switching operation. The apparatus further includes a controller configured to control a pulse width modulation signal for controlling the switching operation of the motor driver, to decide whether or not driving of the motor is stopped depending on whether or not an over-voltage is generated in the input voltage based on an output voltage sensed by the rectifier and to decide whether or not the motor is again driven or whether or not the driving of the motor is completely stopped by deciding whether or not the input voltage returns to a normal voltage or whether or not the over-voltage is again generated within a predetermined time according to the number of generated over-voltages.

Abstract: A toner to develop electrostatic latent images which uses an appropriate combination of a high molecular weight binder resin and a low molecular weight binder resin, an appropriate amount of a releasing agent, and a combination of silica particles and iron oxide particles as external additives, and thus has the following effects: the toner may reduce a generation amount of ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and have enhanced fluidity, charging uniformity, charging stability, transfer efficiency, fixability, durability and a cleaning ability.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a motor acceleration apparatus and a motor acceleration method. According to at least one embodiment, the motor acceleration apparatus includes a rectifier converting household power into direct current (DC) voltage to output the converted DC voltage, a switching converter switching the DC voltage output from the rectifier in an alternating current manner to drive a two-phase switched reluctance motor (SRM), and a microprocessor controlling the switching converter at the time of initial acceleration of the two-phase SRM, so that an initially set dwell angle is changed to a dwell angle in a normal operation state and starting an advanced-angle control.

Abstract: A toner to develop electrostatic latent images, which has surface characteristics that may simultaneously improve charge uniformity, charge stability, transferability, and cleaning ability. The toner to develop electrostatic latent images may include core particles comprising a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent; and an external additive including silica particles and titanium dioxide particles, wherein the external additive is attached to external surfaces of the core particles, wherein an iron intensity [Fe], a silicon intensity [Si], and a titanium intensity [Ti] that are measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) satisfy both conditions, 0.004?[Si]/[Fe]?0.009 and 0.8?[Ti]/[Fe]?2.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a switching control apparatus and method of a two-phase switched reluctance motor. The witching control apparatus includes: a rectifying unit rectifying commercial power; and an active converter including a pair of common switches commonly connected to two phase windings of the two-phase SRM, a pair of first phase switches bridge-connected to the pair of common switches at any one of the two phase windings, a pair of second phase switches bridged-connected to the pair of common switches at the other of the two phase windings and connected in series with each other, and a plurality of current feedback diodes each connected to the switches and operated in operation modes 1 to 3 to drive the two-phase SMR.