Abstract: An array substrate for a transflective liquid crystal display device includes: a gate line on a substrate; a data line crossing the gate line, the gate line and the data line defining a pixel region having a transmissive portion and a reflective portion; a gate electrode connected to the gate line; source and drain electrode spaced apart from each other over the gate electrode, the source and drain electrode being spaced apart from each other, the source electrode being connected to the data line; a reflective layer having the same layer as the source and drain electrodes, the reflective layer being disposed in the pixel region and having a transmissive hole corresponding to the transmissive portion; and a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode, the pixel electrode being disposed in the pixel region, wherein the source and drain electrodes and the reflective layer have multiple layers of metal, wherein a top layer of the multiple layers includes a reflective metallic material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for visualizing secondary structures of RNA molecules, by which nearly overlap-free polygonal displays of RNA secondary structures are produced with minimal distortion to structural elements, with minimal search for positioning them, and with minimal user intervention. While vector and vector space are used to determine the direction and space of a structural element, two heuristics are adopted for the task of searching for the space and direction of structural elements. With the aid of the two heuristics, loops are positioned in decreasing order of their sizes and a helix is positioned, depending on the position of its adjacent loop which has been positioned. In consideration of both a potentially open and wide vector space and an allowed vector space, a structural element is positioned.

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming solid substrates having high density of primary amine group on its surface, in which the primary amine groups on the surface of an aminosilylated substrate are treated with aziridine or an aziridine derivative. The surface density of the primary amine functional groups (—NH2) on the very top surface of a substrate can be drastically increased.

Abstract: Disclosed is a visualization method of RNA pseudoknot structures. The method of the invention comprises the steps of setting criteria required for visualizing RNA pseudoknots, setting structural elements and data structures for representing a whole RNA structure containing pseudoknots, determining an input format for visualization and a drawing order of the structure, determining connectivity relations between regular loops and stems in the structure and between pseudoknot loops and stems in the structure, calculating radii of the regular loop and the PK loop, calculating coordinates of bases in the regular loops, setting internal angles of the PK loops, calculating startAngles of the regular loops and angles of the stem, determining positions of the pseudoknots in the PK loops, and drawing the pseudoknots and the whole RNA structure containing the pseudoknots.

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming solid substrates having high density of primary amine group on its surface, in which the primary amine groups on the surface of an aminosilylated substrate are treated with aziridine or an aziridine derivative. The surface density of the primary amine functional groups (—NH2) on the very top surface of a substrate can be drastically increased.

Abstract: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device, the array substrate including a substrate, a gate line including a gate electrode disposed upon the substrate, a data line disposed upon the substrate and formed orthogonal to the gate line, a barrier disposed upon the substrate and spaced apart from the gate electrode and the data line, a gate insulating layer disposed upon the substrate to cover the gate line, the gate electrode, and the barrier, an active layer disposed upon the gate insulating layer and over the gate electrode, a source electrode disposed upon the active layer, a drain electrode having a first portion disposed upon the active layer opposite to the source electrode, and a second portion disposed upon the insulating layer to cross over the barrier, a pixel region defined by a cross of the gate line and the data line, and a pixel electrode electrically connected to the second portion of the drain electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having an electrode pad for compensating for differences in resistance of electrode links. A pad portion in contact with a driving circuit includes a transparent electrode pattern having a length that depends on the length of an associated electrode link that is connected between the pad portion and a corresponding signal line at a pixel area on which a plurality of liquid crystal cells are arranged. Accordingly, resistance differences that depend on the length of the electrode links are compensated for using electrode pads, thereby making signal conductors with substantially equal resistances.

Abstract: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device, the array substrate including a substrate, a gate line including a gate electrode disposed upon the substrate, a data line disposed upon the substrate and formed orthogonal to the gate line, a barrier disposed upon the substrate and spaced apart from the gate electrode and the data line, a gate insulating layer disposed upon the substrate to cover the gate line, the gate electrode, and the barrier, an active layer disposed upon the gate insulating layer and over the gate electrode, a source electrode disposed upon the active layer, a drain electrode having a first portion disposed upon the active layer opposite to the source electrode, and a second portion disposed upon the insulating layer to cross over the barrier, a pixel region defined by a cross of the gate line and the data line, and a pixel electrode electrically connected to the second portion of the drain electrode.