Abstract: A switch apparatus, includes: a base module including a base case, and a moving magnet movably mounted in the base case; and a manipulation module including a manipulation case, and a first magnet fixedly mounted in the manipulation case, wherein the moving magnet moves between a hold position and a releasable position, the hold position refers to a position in which the manipulation module is held onto the base module as an attractive force acts between the moving magnet and the first magnet, and the releasable position refers to a position in which the manipulation module is releasable from the base module as a repulsive force acts between the moving magnet and the first magnet.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to detect an offset of a motor position sensor. The apparatus includes a command voltage vector generation unit configured to, in a state in which a motor has been coupled to an electric booster braking system, generate a command voltage vector having a predefined command phase and command voltage and apply the command voltage vector to the motor such that a piston moves in a direction determined based on the current position of the piston, and an offset detection unit configured to detect the offset of the motor position sensor based on a phase difference between a command phase of the command voltage vector and an actually measured phase obtained by actually measuring, by the motor position sensor, a phase formed by rotors of the motor that are aligned as the command voltage vector is applied from the command voltage vector generation unit to the motor.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to detect an offset of a motor position sensor. The apparatus includes a command voltage vector generation unit configured to, in a state in which a motor has been coupled to an electric booster braking system, generate a command voltage vector having a predefined command phase and command voltage and apply the command voltage vector to the motor such that a piston moves in a direction determined based on the current position of the piston, and an offset detection unit configured to detect the offset of the motor position sensor based on a phase difference between a command phase of the command voltage vector and an actually measured phase obtained by actually measuring, by the motor position sensor, a phase formed by rotors of the motor that are aligned as the command voltage vector is applied from the command voltage vector generation unit to the motor.

Abstract: An imager may include analog-to-digital converter circuitry that converts an analog input voltage to a digital output value by generating a number of samples of the analog input voltage. The analog input voltage may be formed from the difference between a pixel signal and a reference signal received at first and second inputs of the analog-to-digital converter circuitry. Processing circuitry may control the number of samples generated from the analog input voltage based on a desired gain level. The analog-to-digital converter circuitry may include a counter that counts to a maximum value. Ramp generation circuitry may generate a ramp signal based on the counter value and apply the ramp signal to the pixel signal at the first input of the analog-to-digital converter circuitry. The total time for generating samples for each different desired gain level may be constant while generating the ramp signal with a slope having a constant magnitude.

Abstract: An imager may include analog-to-digital converter circuitry that converts an analog input voltage to a digital output value by generating a number of samples of the analog input voltage. The analog input voltage may be formed from the difference between a pixel signal and a reference signal received at first and second inputs of the analog-to-digital converter circuitry. Processing circuitry may control the number of samples generated from the analog input voltage based on a desired gain level. The analog-to-digital converter circuitry may include a counter that counts to a maximum value. Ramp generation circuitry may generate a ramp signal based on the counter value and apply the ramp signal to the pixel signal at the first input of the analog-to-digital converter circuitry. The total time for generating samples for each different desired gain level may be constant while generating the ramp signal with a slope having a constant magnitude.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an I/O interface of a chip operated in multi-power conditions includes an enable signal generator for generating an enable signal based on a chip power down signal; a reference voltage generator for generating a predetermined reference voltage in response to the enable signal; a comparator for determining a voltage required for operating the chip by comparing an external power voltage with the reference voltage in response to the enable signal; and an input/output means for performing an I/O interface function based on the voltage determined according to the comparison result of the comparator.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an I/O interface of a chip operated in multi-power conditions includes an enable signal generator for generating an enable signal based on a chip power down signal; a reference voltage generator for generating a predetermined reference voltage in response to the enable signal; a comparator for determining a voltage required for operating the chip by comparing an external power voltage with the reference voltage in response to the enable signal; and an input/output means for performing an I/O interface function based on the voltage determined according to the comparison result of the comparator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an input/output (I/O) circuit operated by a variable operating voltage for performing an input operation or an output operation with external chips by selecting one of two operating voltages. The I/O circuit operated by a variable operating voltage includes a middle level voltage generating unit for generating a middle level voltage between a high level operating voltage and a low level operating voltage by using a source-drain voltage of a MOS transistor; a voltage comparison unit for comparing the middle level voltage with an inputted external voltage to thereby output a comparison result; and an interface unit for performing an input operation or an output operation with the external chip by a selected operating voltage between the high level operating voltage and the low level operating voltage according to the comparison result of the voltage comparison unit.

Abstract: A system for providing tourism service using RF IC card includes an RF IC card having an RF chip and providing a function of pre-paid card and a settlement server affiliated with domestic/international financial institutions, credit card companies, public transportation/communication facilities, and service centers via a public network, and for settling a used amount with the RF IC card at an affiliated corporation.

Abstract: A system for providing tourism service using RF IC card includes an RF IC card having an RF chip and providing a function of pre-paid card and a settlement server affiliated with domestic/international financial institutions, credit card companies, public transportation/communication facilities, and service centers via a public network, and for settling a used amount with the RF IC card at an affiliated corporation.