Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for implementing an electro-optical cable distribution network in which a coaxial cable is replaced with an optical cable in order to provide a service integrating broadcast data and communication data by solving a frequency constraint problem in a cable television (CATV) network employing a conventional hybrid-fiber coaxial (HFC) network architecture. The apparatus includes an optical network unit (ONU) which converts a downstream signal received from a system operator (SO) into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to an optical cable; and an optical cable modem which receives the optical downstream signal from the ONU and converts the received signal into an electrical signal. In addition, the ONU and the optical cable modem control signal quality of an optical path.

Abstract: A system for power saving in communication with a plurality of sensor apparatuses that are located in-body or on-body to sense bioinformation, a management apparatus that performs synchronization by transmitting a beacon signal to the plurality of sensors at each predetermined period, and a sensor apparatus that includes a sensor receiving a first beacon signal, grasps how much time remains until the second beacon signal is received when the sensor is activated to sense the bioinformation, and determines the operation state of the sensor based on the grasped time are provided.

Abstract: A transmitter using a method of block code-based group modulation includes a grouping unit, a generating unit, and a mapping unit. The grouping unit generates symbols by grouping a data bit stream into N-bit groups, and the generating unit generates a codeword set composed of codewords corresponding to combinations of arrangements of pulses that are generated by a result of grouping to a predetermined number. Next, the mapping unit block-maps a codeword selected from the codeword set to groups constituting the symbols.

Abstract: Provided is a distance and position measuring method. A distance measuring method based on packets transmitted and received between a first node and a second node obtains first timing for transmitting a first packet from the first node, second timing for receiving the first packet in the second node, third timing for transmitting a second packet corresponding to the first packet from the second node, fourth timing for receiving the second packet in the first node, fifth timing for transmitting a third packet from the second node, and sixth timing for receiving the third packet in the first node to estimate a clock frequency offset based on the obtained timings, measures a first distance and a second distance based on the clock frequency offset and some of the timings, and measures a distance between the first node and the second node based on the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: Provided are a capsule endoscopy system, a medical system, and an operation method of the medical system. A control device outside a human body and two or more implantable medical devices (e.g. capsule endoscopes) form a network with each other, and the two or more implantable medical devices divisionally perform investigation, identification, and treatment while cooperating with each other, by controlling the control device outside the human body.

Abstract: Provided is a position tracking apparatus and method for low power WPAN/WBAN sensors in a sensor network. A position tracking apparatus collects distance information of adjacent nodes from a plurality of anchor nodes whose positions are known and at least one sensor node whose position is not known, in a sensor network, calculates the shortest path for the anchor node based on the collected distance information of the adjacent node, and classifies nodes into nodes of a first group whose positions are known and nodes of a second group whose positions are not known to select sensor nodes in an adjacent order from the second group to the first group based on the anchor node and detect the positions thereof.

Abstract: Provided are a position tracking system and a position tracking method. The position tracking system includes at least one target node, a plurality of reference nodes having position information, and a position determination device. An arbitrary reference node among the reference nodes and the target node utilize a distance measurement message to measure a first time of arrival (TOA) and then transmit the first TOA to the position determination device. At least two other reference nodes adjacent to the arbitrary reference node and the target node listen to the distance measurement message to measure a second TOA and then transmit the second TOA to the position determination device, in order to track a position of the target node.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a resource allocation method for providing load balancing and fairness for a dual ring. The resource allocation method includes the step of determining whether a bandwidth allocation request message is received from one of other nodes. If the bandwidth allocation request message is received, it is determined whether one or more of two rings of the dual ring fulfill a request of the bandwidth allocation request message. If the rings fulfill the request, a path is allocated to one of the rings having a lower weighted cost. A resource allocation information notification message is provided to other nodes. If the rings cannot fulfill the request, the process ends.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for implementing an electro-optical cable distribution network in which a coaxial cable is replaced with an optical cable in order to provide a service integrating broadcast data and communication data by solving a frequency constraint problem in a cable television (CATV) network employing a conventional hybrid-fiber coaxial (HFC) network architecture. The apparatus includes an optical network unit (ONU) which converts a downstream signal received from a system operator (SO) into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to an optical cable; and an optical cable modem which receives the optical downstream signal from the ONU and converts the received signal into an electrical signal. In addition, the ONU and the optical cable modem control signal quality of an optical path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for duplex protection switching by using a single splitter in a passive optical network (PON) are provided. The apparatus for duplex protection switching in a PON, in which a single optical line termination (OLT) and many optical network terminations (ONTs) are connected together in a multiple-access manner, includes: a 2:2 splitter connected to two PON line terminations (LTs) in the OLT; and two N:1 splitters which are connected to the 2:2 splitter, and each of which is connected to two PON LTs in the ONT. According to the method and apparatus, an economical effect can be provided in which two links, an operational link and a protection link, in the PON can provide a partial duplex function at a lower cost. Also, a protection switching time can be reduced by simplifying a restoration process so that when an error is detected, an operational state is returned by protection switching.

Abstract: A method for adaptively partitioning a buffer in a shared buffer switch is provided. The buffer partitioning method for a shared buffer switch which has a plurality of input ports, a plurality of output ports, and a shared buffer, the method for determining whether or not to store a cell, which is newly received through one of the input ports, in the shared buffer comprises the steps of (a) determining a buffer area of the shared buffer in which the newly received cell is stored; (b) determining a cell discard threshold with respect to the total number of cells stored in the shared buffer and the changing rate, with respect to time, of the total number of the cells; and (c) determining whether or not to store the newly received cell in the shared buffer, by comparing the number of cells stored in the buffer area in which the newly received cell is to be stored, with the cell discard threshold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON), which provides high-speed data communication services and voice services over the EPON, thus integrating subscriber access networks into a single access network. In the network system of the present invention, with respect to upstream data connected to a subscriber, codes analog signals into digital signals and convert digital signals into packets in the form of Ethernet frames, converts TDM data into Ethernet frames, attaches the MAC address of a TDM port at the end of an optical cable to the Ethernet frames and then transmits the Ethernet frames to the EPON, switches received data depending on Ethernet MAC addresses, converts TDM data and interfaces the converted TDM data with the local exchange.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a resource allocation method for providing load balancing and fairness for a dual ring. The resource allocation method includes the step of determining whether a bandwidth allocation request message is received from one of other nodes. If the bandwidth allocation request message is received, it is determined whether one or more of two rings of the dual ring fulfill a request of the bandwidth allocation request message. If the rings fulfill the request, a path is allocated to one of the rings having a lower weighted cost. A resource allocation information notification message is provided to other nodes. If the rings cannot fulfill the request, the process ends.

Abstract: A method for adaptively partitioning a buffer in a shared buffer switch is provided. The buffer partitioning method for a shared buffer switch which has a plurality of input ports, a plurality of output ports, and a shared buffer, the method for determining whether or not to store a cell, which is newly received through one of the input ports, in the shared buffer comprises the steps of (a) determining a buffer area of the shared buffer in which the newly received cell is stored; (b) determining a cell discard threshold with respect to the total number of cells stored in the shared buffer and the changing rate, with respect to time, of the total number of the cells; and (c) determining whether or not to store the newly received cell in the shared buffer, by comparing the number of cells stored in the buffer area in which the newly received cell is to be stored, with the cell discard threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for scheduling packets using a credit based round robin in a high-speed communication network in which packets are transmitted to and received from a plurality of connections having respective speeds of service. The scheduling apparatus includes a packet pool for storing input packets; a token queue for storing tokens each having a connection identifier (ID) of an input packet stored in said packet pool, the round number (RN) of the connection, and a credit value (CV) for service; and a connection management unit for transmitting the input packets to said packet pool, reading the packets stored in said packet pool, generating the tokens each having a connection identifier (ID) of an input packet stored in said packet pool, the round number (RN) of the connection, and a credit value (CV) for service and transmitting them to said token queue, and servicing the packets of said packet pool designated by the token stored in said token queue.

Abstract: The invention is to provide an STM-16 Network-Node Interface(NNI) which is capable of exactly checking whether a fault is generated on any station when the VC-4 AU received from a remotely located station has the fault, by checking the incoming data streams and communication with the remote node using the still unused values of APS bytes, thereby further enhancing the reliability thereof, which comprising duplicate physical layer processing blocks for processing a physical layer to provide a plurality of simplex ATM layers, and an ATM layer controller for controlling the processing condition of each of the ATM layers processed by the ATM layer processing means, to thereby processed information to the microprocessor; and ATM layer processing block for processing the ATM layers to a plurality of ATM cells.