Abstract: An electronic device may include: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of a skin surface when a user comes into contact with a main body of the electronic device; a first heating element spaced apart from the first temperature sensor by a first predetermined distance; a second temperature sensor spaced apart from the first heating element by a second predetermined distance and configured to measure a second temperature inside the main body; and a processor configured to: estimate heat flux based on the first temperature and the second temperature; estimate a blood perfusion rate of the user based on a temperature of the first heating element and the first temperature, and estimate a core body temperature of a user based on the first temperature, the estimated heat flux, and the estimated blood perfusion rate.

Abstract: An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of body skin; a second temperature sensor configured to measure a second temperature inside a main body; a thermal resistance structure having effective thermal resistance so that a difference between the first temperature and the second temperature is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value; and a processor configured to obtain skin heat flux based on the first temperature and the second temperature, and to estimate core body temperature of a user based on the first temperature and the skin heat flux.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a sensor including a flexible printed circuit board, a plurality of temperature sensors arranged on the flexible printed circuit board, and a thermally conductive material disposed between the plurality of temperature sensors; and at least one processor configured to estimate a body temperature of a user based on data that is obtained by the plurality of temperature sensors when a contact surface of the sensor is contacted with the user, wherein the flexible printed circuit board is bent to have the plurality of temperature sensors arranged at different distances from the contact surface of the sensor.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a heat flux sensor including: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first voltage representing a first temperature; a second temperature sensor spaced apart from the first temperature sensor and configured to measure a second voltage representing a second temperature; and an amplifier configured to amplify a voltage difference between the first voltage and the second voltage; and a processor configured to estimate a body temperature of a user based on the amplified voltage difference.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a heat flux sensor including: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first voltage representing a first temperature; a second temperature sensor spaced apart from the first temperature sensor and configured to measure a second voltage representing a second temperature; and an amplifier configured to amplify a voltage difference between the first voltage and the second voltage; and a processor configured to estimate a body temperature of a user based on the amplified voltage difference.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of body skin; a second temperature sensor configured to measure a second temperature at a position spaced apart from the body skin; and a processor configured to estimate skin heat loss based on the first temperature and the second temperature, and to determine a target ambient temperature for controlling an ambient temperature based on the first temperature and the skin heat loss.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of a surface at a body measurement location of a user; a second temperature sensor spaced apart from the first temperature sensor and configured to measure a second temperature inside a main body of the electronic device; a third temperature sensor disposed further away from the first temperature than the second temperature sensor and configured to measure a third temperature inside the main body; and a processor configured to estimate a core temperature at the body measurement location based on the first temperature, the second temperature, and the third temperature; estimate an ambient temperature outside the main body based on the second temperature and the third temperature; and estimate a body temperature of the user based on the core temperature at the body measurement location and the ambient temperature outside the main body.

Abstract: An electronic device for estimating body temperature is provided. The electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of body skin; a second temperature sensor configured to measure a second temperature at a position spaced apart from the body skin; and a processor configured to estimate a body temperature based on the first temperature, to estimate an ambient temperature of a main body based on the second temperature, to calculate a heat loss, which occurs from a reference body location to the body skin due to the ambient temperature of the main body, based on the estimated ambient temperature of the main body, and to obtain a final body temperature by correcting the body temperature based on the heat loss due to the ambient temperature of the main body.

Abstract: An electronic device for estimating body temperature is provided. The electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of body skin; a second temperature sensor configured to measure a second temperature at a position spaced apart from the body skin; and a processor configured to estimate a body temperature based on the first temperature, to estimate an ambient temperature of a main body based on the second temperature, to calculate a heat loss, which occurs from a reference body location to the body skin due to the ambient temperature of the main body, based on the estimated ambient temperature of the main body, and to obtain a final body temperature by correcting the body temperature based on the heat loss due to the ambient temperature of the main body.

Abstract: A microorganism expressing a vector encoding a CoA-dependent succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase to efficiently produce a C4 compound, and methods for the use thereof.