Abstract: An apparatus and a method are proposed for measuring displacement, surface profile and roughness of a moving object or an inner radius of a hollow cylinder. The apparatus includes a light emitting unit, a light dispersing unit for receiving light from the light emitting unit and focusing rays with different wavelengths into different focal points with different intervals, and a wavelength measuring unit for measuring wavelengths of the rays. When the moving object is moving within a dispersing range of the focal points, the rays with different wavelengths are reflected or scattered, and the displacement of the moving object is learned from variation of the wavelengths being measured by the wavelength measuring unit. Given that a reflecting component is disposed in the centre of an inner circle of the hollow cylinder, the inner radius of the hollow cylinder can be measured by the principle of the apparatus for measuring displacement.

Abstract: A high power LED has at least a porous material layer, a thermal conductive layer and a chip. The thermal conductive layer is disposed on the surface of the porous material layer and the chip is disposed on the thermal conductive layer. Heat generated by the chip is conducted from the thermal conductive layer to the porous material layer, and convected outside via the porous material layer. Thereby, surface area in contact with the air is increased and high thermal conductivity and high heat convection are also achieved.

Abstract: Miniature optical devices, including circulator array devices, are fabricated using thin film coating technology. A typical optical device includes two refraction elements arranged opposite each other along a propagation axis and coupled on opposite ends to first and second polarization orientation elements with first and second PBS elements are coupled to the first and second polarization orientation elements, respectively. The refraction elements include complementary Wollaston Prism elements or Rochon Prism elements. Each polarization orientation element includes a Faraday rotator element, and in some embodiments, a half-wave plate formed using thin film coating techniques. The Faraday rotator elements are periodically poled in some embodiments using selective poling techniques to create oppositely oriented magnetic domains so that polarization rotations of 45 degrees in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions can be simultaneously achieved on the same magnetic garnet.

Abstract: An apparatus as a tuning filter is provided for tuning the wavelength of a laser or a filter between extensive bandwidths, including a reflecting element, an optical system and a movable mount set up in the same optical path in order. The optical system focuses light on the reflecting element that induces dispersion effect. The reflecting element moves along an optical path as a spatial filter. The reflecting element is set up on the movable mount that moves along the optical path to push/pull the reflecting element and then to adjust the moving range of the reflecting element.

Abstract: Miniature optical devices, including circulator array devices, are fabricated using thin film coating technology. A typical optical device includes two refraction elements arranged opposite each other along a propagation axis and coupled on opposite ends to first and second polarization orientation elements with first and second PBS elements are coupled to the first and second polarization orientation elements, respectively. The refraction elements include complementary Wollaston Prism elements or Rochon Prism elements. Each polarization orientation element includes a Faraday rotator element, and in some embodiments, a half-wave plate formed using thin film coating techniques. The Faraday rotator elements are periodically poled in some embodiments using selective poling techniques to create oppositely oriented magnetic domains so that polarization rotations of 45° in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions can be simultaneously achieved on the same magnetic garnet.

Abstract: A wavelength meter is combined with optical elements to measure the wavelength in order to change communication channels by adjusting the wavelength. The wavelength meter has two wavelength-dependent interferometers with a lower sensitivity on large wavelength ranges and a higher sensitivity on small wavelength ranges, respectively. Each interferometer provides an output signal having an intensity that varies with wavelength. Using the interferometer with a lower sensitivity on large wavelength ranges to first determine a rough range of the wavelength of an incident optical signal, it then uses the interferometer with a higher sensitivity on small wavelength ranges to measure the accurate wavelength of the incident optical beam.

Abstract: Miniature optical devices, including circulator array devices, are fabricated using thin film coating technology. A typical optical device includes two refraction elements arranged opposite each other along a propagation axis and coupled on opposite ends to first and second polarization orientation elements with first and second PBS elements are coupled to the first and second polarization orientation elements, respectively. The refraction elements include complementary Wollaston Prism elements or Rochon Prism elements. Each polarization orientation element includes a Faraday rotator element, and in some embodiments, a half-wave plate formed using thin film coating techniques. The Faraday rotator elements are periodically poled in some embodiments using selective poling techniques to create oppositely oriented magnetic domains so that polarization rotations of 45° in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions can be simultaneously achieved on the same magnetic garnet.

Abstract: A DVD player system, for an auto audio system which comprises at least a speaker having an audio input, includes a DVD loader for reading storing data stored in a DVD and converting the storing data into a digital audio data and a digital video data, a video display unit electrically connected with the DVD loader to convert the video data into a video signal, and a wireless audio system. The wireless audio system includes an audio signal transmitter electrically connected to the DVD loader to transmit the audio data as an audio frequency signal, and an audio signal receiver, which is adapted for electrically connecting with the audio input of the speaker, wirelessly communicating with the audio signal transmitter for receiving the audio frequency signal therefrom in a wireless manner. Therefore, the audio frequency signal is then converted into an acoustical signal through the speaker.

Abstract: Miniature optical devices, including circulator array devices, are fabricated using thin film coating technology. A typical optical device includes two refraction elements arranged opposite each other along a propagation axis and coupled on opposite ends to first and second polarization orientation elements with first and second PBS elements are coupled to the first and second polarization orientation elements, respectively. The refraction elements include complementary Wollaston Prism elements or Rochon Prism elements. Each polarization orientation element includes a Faraday rotator element, and in some embodiments, a half-wave plate formed using thin film coating techniques. The Faraday rotator elements are periodically poled in some embodiments using selective poling techniques to create oppositely oriented magnetic domains so that polarization rotations of 45° in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions can be simultaneously achieved on the same magnetic garnet.

Abstract: Miniature optical devices, including circulator array devices, are fabricated using thin film coating technology. A typical optical device according to the present invention includes a spatial walkoff plate (SWP) coupled on opposite ends to first and second polarization orientation elements. First and second polarization beam splitter (PBS) elements are coupled to the first and second polarization orientation elements, respectively. The PBS elements are formed using thin film coating techniques and each includes an array of port coupling regions for coupling to an array of input/output fiber port assemblies. The SWP may be formed using thin film coating techniques or cut from a birefringent single crystal. Each polarization orientation element includes a Faraday rotator element, and in some embodiments, each also includes a wave plate formed using thin film coating techniques.

Abstract: A DVD player system includes a DVD loader powered by the power input and arranged for reading storing data stored in a DVD and converting the storing data into digital data, a video/audio circuit control a data decoder converting the digital data into a video data and an audio data, a computer circuit control a device for converting the digital data into a computer readable data, and a function switch selectively switching the digital data directly from the DVD loader to the video/audio circuit control and the computer circuit control so as to connect the video/audio circuit control and the computer circuit control with the video/audio system as a DVD player and the computer system as a DVD drive respectively.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, novel compositions useful for the treatment of the cytopathogenic effects of an enveloped virus in mammals have been discovered by extraction and purification from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris. In particular, invention compositions comprise a lignin-carbohydrate complex as an active ingredient for inhibition of viral infection in a mammal. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, it has been discovered that invention compositions are effective agents for the prophylaxis and therapy in mammals of diseases caused by enveloped viruses, e.g., herpes simplex virus. Methods for producing invention compositions and uses therefor are also provided.

Abstract: Miniature optical devices, including circulator array devices, are fabricated using thin film coating technology. A typical optical device according to the present invention includes two refraction elements arranged opposite each other along a propagation axis and coupled on opposite ends to first and second polarization orientation elements with first and second polarization beam splitter (PBS) elements are coupled to the first and second polarization orientation elements, respectively. The refraction elements include complementary Wollaston Prism elements or complementary Rochon Prism elements. Each polarization orientation element includes a Faraday rotator element, and in some embodiments, each also includes a half-wave plate formed using thin film coating techniques.

Abstract: Miniature optical devices, including circulator array devices, are fabricated using thin film coating technology. A typical optical device according to the present invention includes a spatial walkoff plate (SWP) coupled on opposite ends to first and second polarization orientation elements. First and second polarization beam splitter (PBS) elements are coupled to the first and second polarization orientation elements, respectively. The PBS elements are formed using thin film coating techniques and each includes an array of port coupling regions for coupling to an array of input/output fiber port assemblies. The SWP may be formed using thin film coating techniques or cut from a birefringent single crystal. Each polarization orientation element includes a Faraday rotator element, and in some embodiments, each also includes a wave plate formed using thin film coating techniques.

Abstract: A compound composition and method of treating a retrovirus infection are disclosed. In particular, isolated triterpenes have been shown to have significant inhibitory activity against HIV-1.