Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic film polishing composition in which a high polishing speed is maintained not only for polymers, an SOC, and an SOH, but also for organic films strongly bonded by covalent bonds such as an amorphous carbon layer (ACL) or a diamond-like carbon (DLC) by including a polishing accelerator containing both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group, and a polishing method using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) particles exhibiting a high polishing rate and a high polishing quality of generating few defects or scratches due to their modified surface thereof. The present disclosure also provides a polishing slurry composition including the polishing particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) particles exhibiting a high polishing rate and a high polishing quality of generating few defects or scratches due to their modified surface thereof. The present disclosure also provides a polishing slurry composition including the polishing particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high frequency heat treatment method of hot-stamping-treated ultra-high strength parts, which comprises: a first step of heating the parts until the temperature of a heat treatment zone thereof becomes the AC3 transformation point or higher; a second step of maintaining the temperature until phase transformation of the heat treatment zone to austenite is completed; and a third step of cooling the heat treatment zone to transform the structure thereof to ferrite-pearlite. The present method improves the energy absorbing efficiency by increasing the parts' elongation ratio by locally forming a softening structure which absorbs energy.

Abstract: A spot welding method for a high strength steel sheet is provided. The method includes a first pulse step for applying electric current of about 8 to 9 kA about 1 to 3 cy and a first cooling step for cooling for about 1 to 3 cy. In addition, the method includes a second pulse step for applying electric current less than the electric current applied in the first pulse step and a second cooling step for cooling for about 1 to 3 cy. A third pulse step includes applying electric current greater than the electric current applied in the second pulse step.

Abstract: In a method of determining an iteration value for an iterative decoding process of a hard disk drive, a bit error rate (BER) of a digital signal is measured in multiple iterations. A difference is calculated between BERs of consecutive iterations, and the calculated differences are compared with a reference value. An adjusted iteration value is then determined based on the comparison.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible metal-clad laminate for a printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the same. The flexible metal-clad laminate includes: a first polyimide layer that is disposed on one surface of the metal-clad and has thermal expansion coefficient of 20 ppm/K or less; and a second polyimide layer that is disposed on one surface of the first polyimide layer and has thermal expansion coefficient of 20 ppm/K or more, wherein a difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the first and second polyimide layers is within 5 ppm/K and a glass transition temperature Tg of resin of the first polyimide layer is 300° C.<Tg<350° C., which is lower than a maximum curing temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating, ameliorating, or relieving at least one symptom associated with loss of blood flow to the brain including, without limitation, ischemic stroke. Compositions of the disclosure may comprise a bile acid compound and a carbohydrate, wherein both materials remain in solution for all pH values of the solution within a selected range of pH values. Symptoms may include infarct volume, functional recovery, apoptosis, and/or eNOS expression.

Abstract: In a method of determining an iteration value for an iterative decoding process of a hard disk drive, a bit error rate (BER) of a digital signal is measured in multiple iterations. A difference is calculated between BERs of consecutive iterations, and the calculated differences are compared with a reference value. An adjusted iteration value is then determined based on the comparison.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions to offset, ameliorate and/or alleviate one or more unwanted and/or adverse gastrointestinal effects. For example, in some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to compositions that include a bile acid, a carbohydrate and/or a pharmaceutical compound, wherein the pharmaceutical is associated with an adverse gastrointestinal effect in a subject (e.g., mammal or human). Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutical compounds may include a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a gastric irritating drug (e.g., an antibiotic, an adrenal cortocoid steroid and an anti-cancer drug) and combinations thereof. The disclosure further relates to methods of ameliorating or eliminating at least one adverse gastrointestinal effects of a composition, comprising administering to a subject an aqueous solution comprising a bile acid and a carbohydrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible metal-clad laminate for a printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the same. The flexible metal-clad laminate includes: a first polyimide layer that is disposed on one surface of the metal-clad and has thermal expansion coefficient of 20 ppm/K or less; and a second polyimide layer that is disposed on one surface of the first polyimide layer and has thermal expansion coefficient of 20 ppm/K or more, wherein a difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the first and second polyimide layers is within 5 ppm/K and a glass transition temperature Tg of resin of the first polyimide layer is 300° C.<Tg<350° C., which is lower than a maximum curing temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to clear aqueous solutions of one or more bile acids and either an aqueous soluble starch conversion product or a non-starch polysaccharide. Solutions of the disclosure may be administered to a subject in conjunction with a pharmaceutical compound having one or more toxic effects. In some embodiments, solutions of the disclosure are administered to a mammal in conjunction with a pharmaceutical compound associated with a peripherial neurotoxicity (e.g., cisplatin and/or suramin) to reduce or eliminate the neuropathic effect(s).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of welding aluminum sheets, including: supplying aluminum sheets overlapping each other between an upper electrode and a lower electrode; supplying thin metal sheets plated on both sides thereof with nickel (Ni) between the upper electrode and an upper aluminum sheet and between the lower electrode and a lower aluminum sheet, respectively; and supplying power to the upper and lower electrodes and then welding the aluminum sheets.

Abstract: Compositions for pharmaceutical and other uses comprising clear aqueous solutions of bile acids which do not form any detectable precipitates over selected ranges of pH values of the aqueous solution and methods of making such solutions. The compositions of the invention comprise water; a bile acid in the form of a bile acid, bile acid salt, or a bile acid conjugated with an amine by an amide linkage; and either or both an aqueous soluble starch conversion product and an aqueous soluble non-starch polysaccharide. The composition remains in solution without forming a precipitate over a range of pH values and, according to one embodiment, remains in solution for all pH values obtainable in an aqueous system. The composition, according to some embodiments, may further contain a pharmaceutical compound in a pharmaceutically effective amount. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutical compounds include insulin, heparin, bismuth compounds, amantadine and rimantadine.

Abstract: A patterning method and a method for manufacturing an LCD device using the same are disclosed. The patterning method includes preparing a printing plate having concave and convex portions; coating a pattern material in the concave portion of the printing plate; rolling a printing roller on the printing plate to print the pattern material of the concave portion on the printing roller; and rolling the printing roller on a substrate to print the pattern material of the printing roller on the substrate.

Abstract: A printing system comprises a moving rail, a cliché plate and a substrate positioned on the moving rail, a printing roller that transcribes a pattern material on the substrate by passing through the cliché plate. The printing system further comprises a cleaning unit that cleans the cliché plate.

Abstract: A printing device system comprises a printing roller that has a blanket adhered to an outer surface thereof. The printing device system further comprises a drying device that dries the blanket of the printing roller.

Abstract: Disclosed is a material of a kick-down drum comprising fine ferrite and microdispersion spheroidized cementite for an automobile also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the kick-down drum material. The kick-down drum of this invention can greatly improve hardenability and durability of the spline member and also has advantages of reducing production costs due to a simplified process of adding only a heating process.

Abstract: A printing device system and a patterning method using the same is disclosed, to prevent the volume of blanket from being changed due to the dissolution of solvent included in the pattern material, to thereby realize a precise pattern, in which the printing device system comprises a printing roller having a blanket adhered to an outer surface thereof; and a drying device that dries the blanket of the printing roller.

Abstract: Compositions for pharmaceutical and other uses comprising clear aqueous solutions of bile acids which do not form any detectable precipitates over selected ranges of pH values of the aqueous solution and methods of making such solutions. The compositions of the invention comprise water; a bile acid in the form of a bile acid, bile acid salt, or a bile acid conjugated with an amine by an amide linkage; and either or both an aqueous soluble starch conversion product and an aqueous soluble non-starch polysaccharide. The composition remains in solution without forming a precipitate over a range of pH values and, according to one embodiment, remains in solution for all pH values obtainable in an aqueous system. The composition, according to some embodiments, may further contain a pharmaceutical compound in a pharmaceutically effective amount. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutical compounds include insulin, heparin, bismuth compounds, amantadine and rimantadine.