Abstract: A memory device includes an input unit configured to receive a plain text and output plain blocks and CTS plain block, a multi-core unit including a plurality of encryption/decryption cores configured to encrypt each of the plain blocks provided from the input unit and output cipher blocks in accordance with control of an encryption/decryption core control unit, a CTS core unit including a CTS core configured to encrypt the CTS plain block provided from the input unit into a CTS cipher block, and an output unit configured to receive the cipher blocks and the CTS cipher block and output a cipher text. The CTS plain block is generated through a CTS calculation based on the plain text.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric-bicycle driving apparatus.

Abstract: An electric bicycle driving apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a speed change mode operator to output a first speed change mode signal or second speed change mode signal, a controller to receive the first speed change mode signal or second speed change mode signal and output a first control signal corresponding to the first speed change mode signal or a second control signal corresponding to the second speed change mode signal, a motor driver to, when the first speed change mode signal is output, receive the first control signal and output a first motor driving signal to drive a motor in a first speed change mode, and, when the second speed change mode signal is output, receive the second control signal and output a second motor driving signal to drive the motor in a second speed change mode, and a relay to selectively receive a relay switching enable signal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electric bicycle. The electric bicycle includes a battery, a generator to generate voltage by operation of pedals, and a pedal load adjustment unit to adjust pedal load applied to the pedals by controlling voltage generated from the generator and used to charge the battery. The pedal load adjustment unit includes plural capacitors configured to be charged with the voltage generated from the generator and plural switches configured to operate alternately so that the voltage generated from the generator is discharged to the capacitors to charge the capacitors and the voltage stored in the capacitors is discharged to the battery to charge the battery.

Abstract: An electric-bicycle driving apparatus includes a speed change mode operator to output a low-speed mode signal or a high-speed mode signal, a controller to receive the low-speed mode signal or high-speed mode signal outputted from the speed change mode operator and to output a first control signal corresponding to the low-speed mode signal or a second control signal corresponding to the high-speed mode signal, a generation-signal provider to provide a generation signal outputted from a generator, and a stepping operation load booster to boost a load of the generation signal outputted from the generation-signal provider by receiving the first control signal or second control signal when the speed change mode operator outputs the low-speed mode signal or high-speed mode signal, and to send a stepping operation provider a resulting signal of the boost in a stepping operation signal corresponding to the low-speed mode signal or high-speed mode.

Abstract: An electric-bicycle driving apparatus includes a speed-change mode operator to output a low-speed or high-speed mode signal, a controller to output a first or second control signal corresponding to the low-speed or high-speed mode signal, a first motor driver to output a first motor-driving signal to drive a motor in a low-speed mode in response to the low-speed mode signal, a second motor driver to output a second motor-driving signal to drive the motor in a high-speed mode in response to the high-speed mode signal, a motor-drive-load booster to boost load of the second motor-driving signal using battery power under control of the controller in response to the high-speed mode signal, and a motor speed-change switching unit to selectively receive a switching enable signal from the controller so as to be turned on to provide the second motor-driving signal having the boosted load to the motor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric-bicycle drying apparatus. The apparatus includes a speed-change mode operator to output a low-speed or high-speed mode signal, a controller to output a first or second control signal corresponding to the low-speed or high-speed mode signal, a first motor driver to output a first motor-driving signal to drive a motor in a low-speed mode in response to the low-speed mode signal, a second motor driver to output a second motor-driving signal to drive the motor in a high-speed mode in response to the high-speed mode signal, a motor-drive-load booster to boost load of the second motor-driving signal using battery power under control of the controller in response to the high-speed mode signal, and a motor speed-change switching unit to selectively receive a switching enable signal from the controller so as to be turned on to provide the second motor-driving signal having the boosted load to the motor.

Abstract: An electric bicycle driving apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a speed change mode operator to output a first speed change mode signal or second speed change mode signal, a controller to receive the first speed change mode signal or second speed change mode signal and output a first control signal corresponding to the first speed change mode signal or a second control signal corresponding to the second speed change mode signal, a motor driver to, when the first speed change mode signal is output, receive the first control signal and output a first motor driving signal to drive a motor in a first speed change mode, and, when the second speed change mode signal is output, receive the second control signal and output a second motor driving signal to drive the motor in a second speed change mode, and a relay to selectively receive a relay switching enable signal.

Abstract: An electric-bicycle driving apparatus includes a speed change mode operator to output a low-speed mode signal or a high-speed mode signal, a controller to receive the low-speed mode signal or high-speed mode signal outputted from the speed change mode operator and to output a first control signal corresponding to the low-speed mode signal or a second control signal corresponding to the high-speed mode signal, a generation-signal provider to provide a generation signal outputted from a generator, and a stepping operation load booster to boost a load of the generation signal outputted from the generation-signal provider by receiving the first control signal or second control signal when the speed change mode operator outputs the low-speed mode signal or high-speed mode signal, and to send a stepping operation provider a resulting signal of the boost in a stepping operation signal corresponding to the low-speed mode signal or high-speed mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric-bicycle driving apparatus.