Abstract: A rail traffic parallel deduction system and method. The system comprising: a data acquisition module used for acquiring real-time train operation data and real-time passenger flow data on a target line; a line network passenger flow change early warning module used for calculating, on the basis of past passenger flow data and the real-time passenger flow data of the target line, real-time passenger flow temporal and spatial distributions corresponding to the target line to predict the passenger flow of the target line; a failure event impact analysis module used for determining the impact of a sudden failure on line operation; and a handling plan deduction calculation module used for performing deduction on different handling plans for sudden large passenger flow, sudden failures, or emergency events to determine the impact of each handling plan on the train operation, passenger flow, and traffic flow of the target line, and performing energy consumption analysis.