Abstract: A platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst in a fuel cell. Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs, with phosphoric-acid-saturated silicon carbide matrix) employing the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and, a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst are disclosed. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs, with phosphoric-acid-contained polymer matrix) employing the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst are also disclosed.

Abstract: An oxygen evolution reduction electrocatalyst includes a pyrochlore compound with the chemical formula Sm2Ru2xM2-2xO7, where M is selected from the group consisting of Ir, Sc, Fe, Cu, Pd, Cr, and Rh, and x is less than 1.0 and greater than or equal to 0.5. Also, a water electrolysis cell includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and the oxygen evolution reduction electrocatalyst.

Abstract: A cathode catalyst for a nanoparticle catalyst and method of making the same may include creating a nanoparticle. The nanoparticle catalyst may include a shell, wherein the shell may include platinum (Pt). The nanoparticle catalyst may include a core within the shell, wherein the core may include a platinum alloy (Pt-M), where M is a transition metal.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst for the production of hydrogen from water includes a pyrochlore compound with a composition or chemical formula of RE2(Ru)2xM2-2xO7, RE2(Ir)2xM2-2xO7or RE2(Ir,Ru)2xM2-2xO7, where RE is a rare earth element, M is an alkali metal, alkaline carth metal, transition metal, post-transition metal, Ge, or Sb, and x is less than 1.0 and greater than 0.0.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode. A cathode catalyst is disposed on the cathode and the cathode catalyst includes nitrogen doped platinum nickel (PtNiN) nanoparticles loaded on mesoporous carbon. The PtNiN nanoparticles have an average diameter between about 1.0 nm and about 10.0 nm, the mesoporous carbon has a plurality of pores, the majority of the pores have an average pore diameter less than about 8.0 nm, and at least a portion of the PtNiN nanoparticles are disposed within the majority of the pores having an average pore diameter less than about 8.0 nm.