Abstract: Disclosed is a nonlinear optimization method for parameters of ocean ecological dynamics model, comprising the following steps: acquiring a state variable set and a parameter set to be optimized; building an ocean ecological dynamics model; acquiring a final cost function equation group; solving the ocean ecological dynamics model to obtain numerical solutions of each state variable; acquiring a Hamilton function of the cost function equation group under a constraint condition, and acquiring an adjoint equation based on the Hamilton function; adjusting the parameter set to be optimized based on the adjoint equation to obtain an optimal parameter set.

Abstract: A laser-processing apparatus can carry out a process to form a via in a workpiece, having a first material formed on a second material, by directing laser energy onto the workpiece such that the laser energy is incident upon the first material, wherein the laser energy has a wavelength to which the first material is more reflective than the second material. The apparatus can include a back-reflection sensing system operative to capture a back-reflection signal corresponding to a portion of laser energy directed to the workpiece and reflected by the first material and generate a sensor signal based on the captured back-reflection signal; and a controller communicatively coupled to an output of the back-reflection sensing system, wherein the controller is operative to control a remainder of the process by which the via is formed based on the sensor signal.

Abstract: Numerous embodiments are disclosed. Many of which relate to methods of forming vias in workpieces such as printed circuit boards. Some embodiments relates techniques for indirectly ablating a region of an electrical conductor structure of, for example, a printed circuit board by spatially distributing laser energy throughout the region before the electrical conductor is indirectly ablated. Other embodiments relate to techniques for temporally-dividing laser pulses, modulating the optical power within laser pulses, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus to process a workpiece including producing a first beam of laser energy characterized by a first spatial intensity distribution. A first workpiece is processed using the first beam of laser energy to form a plurality of features at a first distance between the scan lens and the first workpiece and forming a second features at a second distance. The method includes determining which of the plurality of features has a shape that most closely resembles the shape of the first spatial intensity distribution and setting a process distance as the distance that produced that feature. Using this process distance, a surface of a second workpiece is processed using second beam of laser energy with a second spatial intensity distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus to process a workpiece including producing a first beam of laser energy characterized by a first spatial intensity distribution. A first workpiece is processed using the first beam of laser energy to form a plurality of features at a first distance between the scan lens and the first workpiece and forming a second features at a second distance. The method includes determining which of the plurality of features has a shape that most closely resembles the shape of the first spatial intensity distribution and setting a process distance as the distance that produced that feature. Using this process distance, a surface of a second workpiece is processed using second beam of laser energy with a second spatial intensity distribution.