Abstract: Carbon nanotubes, a method for preparing the same and an element using the same are provided. The method for preparing carbon nanotubes includes synthesizing carbon nanotubes from carbon source using an arc-discharge method in the presence of catalysts and promoter, wherein the promoter contains an element capable of reducing the surface energy of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes with high purity and narrow diameter distribution can thus be prepared.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for use in reducing residual phase error (RPE) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communication signals are described. In at least one embodiment of the invention, an apparatus includes a residual phase error estimator configured to estimate a residual phase error at least partially based on a plurality of phases of a first channel-compensated received signal and a plurality of phases of a sliced version of the first channel-compensated received signal. The residual phase error estimator is configured to correct a channel estimate at least partially based on the residual phase error estimate to thereby generate a corrected channel estimate. The apparatus includes a channel compensator configured to generate a second channel-compensated received signal at least partially based on a received signal and the corrected channel estimate.

Abstract: The high quality PCS communications are enabled in environments where adjacent PCS service bands operate with out-of-band harmonics that would otherwise interfere with the system's operation. The highly bandwidth-efficient communications method combines a form of time division duplex (TDD), frequency division duplex (FDD), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), spatial diversity, and polarization diversity in various unique combinations. The method provides excellent fade resistance. The method enables changing a user's available bandwidth on demand by assigning additional TDMA slots during the user's session.

Abstract: The high quality PCS communications are enabled in environments where adjacent PCS service bands operate with out-of-band harmonics that would otherwise interfere with the system's operation. The highly bandwidth-efficient communications method combines a form of time division duplex (TDD), frequency division duplex (FDD), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), spatial diversity, and polarization diversity in various unique combinations. The method provides excellent fade resistance. The method enables changing a user's available bandwidth on demand by assigning additional TDMA slots during the user's session.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a digital photo frame and a method for controlling a digital photo frame. The digital photo frame includes a single processor to perform a function of a built-in scanner and to convert a picture into an image data file for storage and reviewing. The method includes steps of scanning an image sample to generate an analog image data; providing a processor processing the analog image data into a digital image data and controlling a displaying unit. The present invention could achieve advantages of reducing production cost, enhancing stability, reducing steps for processing a signal and simplifying a design of a digital photo frame.

Abstract: A method for treating carbon nanotubes is provided. In the method for treating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the CNTs are treated with SO3 gas at an elevated temperature, for example, at a temperature in the range of 385° C. to 475° C.

Abstract: A process of a preparing transparent conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) film, the carbon nanotube film prepared by the process, and carbon nanotube elements including the carbon nanotube film are provided. The carbon nanotube film has a higher transparency and much lower sheet resistance compared with the carbon nanotube film obtained by a conventional filtration process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a digital photo frame, which includes a scanner to convert a picture into an image data file, wherein the scanner is a sheetfed scanner, and the scanner can reduce the scanning size limitations of a flatbed scanner and to promote the utility of the digital photo frame.

Abstract: A method of preparing carbon nanotubes (CNT), a method of purifying carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotubes, and an element using said carbon nanotubes are provided. The method includes preparing carbon nanotubes by arc-discharge and employs a coordination chemistry process to remove a catalyst and/or optional promoter used in arc-discharge.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes, a method for preparing the same and an element using the same are provided. The method for preparing carbon nanotubes includes synthesizing carbon nanotubes from carbon source using an arc-discharge method in the presence of catalysts and promoter, wherein the promoter contains an element capable of reducing the surface energy of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes with high purity and narrow diameter distribution can thus be prepared.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for use in reducing residual phase error (RPE) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communication signals are described. In at least one embodiment of the invention, an apparatus includes a residual phase error estimator configured to estimate a residual phase error at least partially based on a plurality of phases of a first channel-compensated received signal and a plurality of phases of a sliced version of the first channel-compensated received signal. The residual phase error estimator is configured to correct a channel estimate at least partially based on the residual phase error estimate to thereby generate a corrected channel estimate. The apparatus includes a channel compensator configured to generate a second channel-compensated received signal at least partially based on a received signal and the corrected channel estimate.

Abstract: Methods for preparing flexible transparent conducting carbon nanotube (CNT) films, the CNT film prepared from said methods, a method of treating CNT film by using thionyl bromide (SOBr2) as a dopant are provided. A novel CNT film laminate with a sandwich structure are also provided, a transparent, flexible anode including the CNT film and an organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) including the anode are also provided. The method of the present application can very quickly and completely remove the filter membrane, compared with a general immersion method. CNTs are not destroyed by the “soft method”, which will allow for expanded applications in electroluminescent or photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for use in reducing residual phase error (RPE) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communication signals are described. One method includes the steps of calculating a phase of each one of a plurality of channel-compensated data symbols to generate a plurality of data symbol phases; performing a hard-decision on each one of the plurality of channel-compensated data symbols to estimate a plurality of information symbols; calculating a phase of each one of the plurality of information symbols to generate a plurality of information symbol phases; calculating a phase difference between each data symbol phase and its associated information symbol phase to generate a plurality of phase differences; and determining a residual phase error based on the plurality of phase differences.

Abstract: A method for treating carbon nanotubes is provided. In the method for treating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the CNTs are treated with SO3 gas at an elevated temperature, for example, at a temperature in the range of 385° C. to 475° C.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method is disclosed for multiband wireless communication. Frequency bands and/or transmission formats are identified as available within a range for wireless communication. Signal quality metrics for each frequency band are evaluated by a receiver to identify qualified frequency bands. The qualified frequency bands can be ranked according to one or more signal quality metrics, where the list of qualified bands can be communicated to a transmitter. The transmitter is arranged to evaluate the list of qualified bands and select a communication method based on the available frequency bands and a selected communication optimization scenario. Multiple frequency bands and communication methods can be utilized by the transmitter such that a combination of licensed, unlicensed, semilicensed, and overlapped frequency bands can be simultaneously used for communication.

Abstract: The high quality PCS communications are enabled in environments where adjacent PCS service bands operate with out-of-band harmonics that would otherwise interfere with the system's operation. The highly bandwidth-efficient communications method combines a form of time division duplex (TDD), frequency division duplex (FDD), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), spatial diversity, and polarization diversity in various unique combinations. The method provides excellent fade resistance. The method enables changing a user's available bandwidth on demand by assigning additional TDMA slots during the user's session.

Abstract: The high quality PCS communications are enabled in environments where adjacent PCS service bands operate with out-of-band harmonics that would otherwise interfere with the system's operation. The highly bandwidth-efficient communications method combines a form of time division duplex (TDD), frequency division duplex (FDD), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), spatial diversity, and polarization diversity in various unique combinations. The method provides excellent fade resistance. The method enables changing a user's available bandwidth on demand by assigning additional TDMA slots during the user's session.

Abstract: A new method makes the most efficient use of the scarce spectral bandwidth in a wireless discrete multitone spread spectrum communications system by updating the spectral and/or spatial spreading weights at a rate that is determined by the measured quality of the link. Low quality links require more frequent updates of the spreading weights than do higher quality links. Spreading weights and despreading weights for a station are adaptively updated, depending on the error in received signals. If the error value is less than a threshold error value, then the method maintains the existing spreading weights as the current spreading weights to apply to an outgoing data signal. Alternately, if the error value is greater than the threshold error value, then the method adaptively calculates updated despreading weights at the base station from the first spread signal and calculates updated spreading weights as the current spreading weights from the updated despreading weights to apply to the outgoing data signal.

Abstract: An open loop power control system for an orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM)-based fixed/mobile wireless system. A preferred system and method comprise measuring signal strength of received interference-free pilot tones transmitted by a base station; determining pathloss according to received power level of pilot tones; and controlling transmit power level of the remote unit by adjusting transmitting channel attenuation according to the pathloss determined in the preceding step. The method may further comprise monitoring at the base station the received signal level of uplink pilot tones; checking if received signal level of uplink pilot tones is outside pre-set limits around the target level at the start of each call; and sending a command to the mobile station over the broadcast channel to increase or decrease the transmitting power level.

Abstract: A fixed wireless system (FWS) utilizing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication techniques is spectrally efficient and responsive to communications involving both voice and high speed data, such as Internet data. The FWS includes a wireless base unit; a plurality of fixed wireless remote units; a plurality of wireless data traffic channels available between the wireless base unit and the plurality of fixed wireless remote units; and a plurality of wireless voice traffic channels available between the wireless base unit and the plurality of fixed wireless remote units. Each wireless traffic channel is identifiable by a unique combination of frequency and time slots. Each wireless data traffic channel is used for carrying high speed data in addressed data packets to and from the plurality of fixed wireless remote units.