Abstract: Nanocrystals, compositions, and methods that aid particle transport in mucus are provided. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods involve making mucus-penetrating particles (MPP) without any polymeric carriers, or with minimal use of polymeric carriers. The compositions and methods may include, in some embodiments, modifying the surface coatings of particles formed of pharmaceutical agents that have a low water solubility. Such methods and compositions can be used to achieve efficient transport of particles of pharmaceutical agents though mucus barriers in the body for a wide spectrum of applications, including drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostic applications. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition including such particles is well-suited for administration routes involving the particles passing through a mucosal barrier.

Abstract: An electrochemical apparatus includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, where the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active substance layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector, where the electrochemical apparatus has a first capacity a in the unit of mAh, the first capacity a is greater than 0, and the first capacity a represents a capacity when a battery that is prepared using the negative electrode plate and a lithium plate as a counter electrode of the negative electrode plate is charged to 2.0 V after the electrochemical apparatus has been discharged from a 100% state of charge (SOC) to 2.5 V.

Abstract: A battery charging method is provided, including: constant-current charging the battery with a first charge current I1 to a first voltage U1 and constant-voltage charging the battery with the first voltage U1 to a first charge cut-off current I1? (S1); constant-current charging the battery with the first charge current I1 to a second voltage U2, where U2 is a limited charge voltage of the battery, and U2>U1 (S2); and constant-current charging the battery with a second charge current I2 to a third voltage U3 and constant-voltage charging the battery with the third voltage U3 to a second charge cut-off current I2?, where U3>U2, I2<I1, and I1??I2? (S3). An electronic apparatus and a medium are provided, which can shorten the time of a battery being at high voltage, thus alleviating capacity decay of the battery during charge-discharge cycles.

Abstract: A battery cell is disclosed having a cathode including a cathode substrate with a surface coating of a first cathode active material in a first cathode region and a second cathode active material in a second cathode region, an anode including an anode substrate having a surface coating of a first anode active material in a first anode region and a second anode active material in a second anode region, wherein a value CB1 is a ratio of a unit area capacity CsA1 of the first anode region to a unit area capacity Csc1 of the first cathode region, a value CB2 is a ratio of a unit area capacity CsA2 of the second anode region to a unit area capacity Csc2 of the second cathode region, wherein the surface coating of the cathode and/or anode is a partitioned coating including different active materials, and wherein CB2?CB1.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery is disclosed which includes a cathode having a first cathode region and a second cathode region adjacent to the first cathode region, wherein the second cathode region is adjacent to an uncoated region of the cathode substrate; an anode, the anode having a first anode region and a second anode region adjacent to the first anode region, wherein the second anode region is adjacent to an uncoated region of the anode substrate, wherein a value C1 is a ratio of a direct current resistance value RA1 of the first anode region to a direct current resistance value RC1 of the first cathode region; wherein a value C2 is a ratio of a direct current resistance value RA2 of the second anode region to a direct current resistance value RC2 of the second cathode region; and wherein C2<C1.

Abstract: The present application provides an electrochemical device. The electrochemical device, comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and the separator, disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the separator comprising a porous substrate, a first coating layer and a second coating layer, the first coating layer and the second coating layer are on a surface of the porous substrate, the first coating layer is disposed on at least one side of the second coating layer, the first coating layer includes a first binder, and the second coating layer includes a second binder, the adhesive force between the first coating layer and the positive electrode or the negative electrode is greater than the adhesive force between the second coating layer and the positive electrode or the negative electrode. The electrochemical device provided by the present application can further improve the cycle performance of the electrochemical device.

Abstract: A negative electrode material includes silicon composite particles. The silicon composite particles include amorphous silicon particles and a buffer phase. The amorphous silicon particles are dispersed in the buffer phase. A non-uniformity of the amorphous silicon particles dispersed in the buffer phase is less than or equal to 30%. Also, an electronic device including the negative electrode material.

Abstract: An electrochemical apparatus includes a positive electrode sheet including a positive electrode active material layer; a negative electrode sheet including a negative electrode active material layer; and a separator disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. A mass ratio of fluorine to nitrogen on a surface layer of the positive electrode active material layer is A, a mass ratio of fluorine to nitrogen on a surface layer of the negative electrode active material layer is B, 3?A?50, and 30?B?300.

Abstract: The present application relates to a cathode and an electrochemical device.

Abstract: The present application provides an electrochemical device. The electrochemical device, comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and the separator, disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the separator comprising a porous substrate, a first coating layer and a second coating layer, the first coating layer and the second coating layer are on a surface of the porous substrate, the first coating layer is disposed on at least one side of the second coating layer, the first coating layer includes a first binder, and the second coating layer includes a second binder, the adhesive force between the first coating layer and the positive electrode or the negative electrode is greater than the adhesive force between the second coating layer and the positive electrode or the negative electrode. The electrochemical device provided by the present application can further improve the cycle performance of the electrochemical device.

Abstract: The present application relates to an electrode and an electrochemical device including the electrode. The electrode includes a first region and a second region, wherein the electrode includes a substrate and an electrode active material coated on at least one surface of the substrate, and wherein the charge/discharge thickness difference of the electrode in the first region is ?D1, and the charge/discharge thickness difference of the electrode in the second region is ?D2, wherein ?D1 is less than ?D2. When the electrode of the present application is applied to the electrochemical device, the formation of lithium dendrites can be effectively reduced, and the safety of the electrochemical device can be improved.

Abstract: The present application relates to an electrode and an electrochemical device including the electrode. The anode of the present application includes a first anode region and a second anode region, wherein the unit area capacity CsA2 of the second anode region is greater than or equal to the unit area capacity CsA1 of the first anode region. The cathode of the present application includes a first cathode region and a second cathode region, wherein the unit area capacity CsC2 of the second cathode region is less than or equal to 98% of the unit area capacity CsC1 of the first cathode region. When the anode and/or cathode of the present application are/is applied to an electrochemical device, the formation of lithium dendrites can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the safety of the electrochemical device.

Abstract: The present application relates to an electrode and an electrochemical device including the electrode. An anode of the present application includes a first anode region and a second anode region, wherein a direct current resistance value RA2 of the second anode region is less than or equal to 98% of a direct current resistance value RA1 of the first anode region. A cathode of the present application includes a first cathode region and a second cathode region, wherein a direct current resistance value RC2 of the second cathode region is greater than a direct current resistance value RC1 of the first cathode region. When the anode and/or the cathode of the present application are/is applied to the electrochemical device, it can effectively reduce the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby improving the safety of the electrochemical device.

Abstract: A resistorless CMOS low power voltage reference circuit is provided. The start-up circuit is used to prevent the circuit to stay in the zero state and stop working when the circuit gets out of the zero state. The self-biased VPTAT generating circuit generate the voltage VPTAT which has positive temperature coefficient. The square-law current generating circuit generates a square-law current which is proportional to ?T2 through the VPTAT. Finally, the reference voltage VREF is obtained by introducing the square-law current into the reference voltage output circuit. The reference voltage VREF of this application can realize approximative zero temperature coefficient in the temperature range of ?40° C.˜100° C. This application improves temperature characteristic which may be poorer due to temperature nonlinearity of carrier mobility based on the traditional subthreshold reference. This application can reduce the power consumption from ?W level to nW level and realize low power consumption.

Abstract: A resistorless CMOS low power voltage reference circuit is provided. The start-up circuit is used to prevent the circuit to stay in the zero state and stop working when the circuit gets out of the zero state. The self-biased VPTAT generating circuit generate the voltage VPTAT which has positive temperature coefficient. The square-law current generating circuit generates a square-law current which is proportional to ?T2 through the VPTAT. Finally, the reference voltage VREF is obtained by introducing the square-law current into the reference voltage output circuit. The reference voltage VREF of this application can realize approximative zero temperature coefficient in the temperature range of ?40° C.˜ 100° C. This application improves temperature characteristic which may be poorer due to temperature nonlinearity of carrier mobility based on the traditional subthreshold reference. This application can reduce the power consumption from ?W level to nW level and realize low power consumption.