Abstract: A display substrate is provided, including: a base substrate; a plurality of sub-pixels arranged on the base substrate in an array in a row direction and a column direction; a plurality of post spacers arranged at intervals on the base substrate, wherein the plurality of post spacers include at least one main post spacer and a plurality of sub post spacers, and each main post spacer has a height greater than that of each sub post spacer. Each sub-pixel has at most one post spacer provided therein, the plurality of sub-pixels include a main sub-pixel provided with the main post spacer and a sub sub-pixel provided with the sub post spacer, and the plurality of sub-pixels further include at least one mark sub-pixel adjacent to the main sub-pixel in the row direction or the column direction, the at least one mark sub-pixel is provided with no post spacer.

Abstract: The Life Cycle Based Portfolio Construction Platform Apparatuses, Methods and Systems (“LPC”) transforms LPC Server data request (e.g., see 201 in FIG. 2, etc.) inputs via LPC components into sector-based portfolio investment transaction records outputs. In various implementations, the LPC receives historical investment data indicating investment returns from a data provider, generates a risk boundary curve for equity allocation at different investor age segments based on the received historical investment data, receives a portfolio construction request, and generates a life cycle based portfolio based on the retrieved equity allocation boundary value. The risk boundary curve may include a piecewise linear line, be generated via backward induction from a senior age segment to a junior age segment, and/or be determined based on an optimal average discounted utility over a set of adverse scenarios calculated based on different equity allocation percentages.