Abstract: This application relates to message sending and receiving methods and apparatuses, and a communication system. A control plane CP device in a communication system in which a CP and a user plane UP are separated generates a first message, where the first message includes route information and a control indication for the route information, and the route information is associated with a UP device. The CP device sends the first message to the UP device, so that the UP device updates the route information based on the control indication, where the first message is a packet forwarding control protocol PFCP message. Based on the technical solutions provided herein, interaction on routing control between the CP device and the UP device in a communication system architecture in which a CP and a UP are separated may be implemented.

Abstract: A shift register unit and a driving method thereof, a scan driving circuit, an array substrate and a display device. The shift register unit includes: an input circuit configured for setting the first node to a valid level in a case where the input terminal is at a valid level; a first reset control circuit configured for setting the second node to a valid level and setting the input terminal to an invalid level in a case where the reset terminal is at a valid level; an output circuit configured for setting the output terminal to a valid level by using a clock signal in a case where the first node is at the valid level; a reset circuit configured for setting the first node and the output terminal to an invalid level in a case where the second node is at a valid level.

Abstract: A BRAS system-based packet encapsulation method includes obtaining user access information when receiving a user access protocol packet and performing VXLAN GPE encapsulation on the user access protocol packet based on the user access information. The encapsulation structure includes a user information header that is used to store the user access information, and a quantity of bytes occupied by the user information header is less than or equal to 12. In this application, the foregoing encapsulation structure is used to encapsulate a packet.

Abstract: A BRAS system-based packet encapsulation method includes: obtaining user access information when receiving a user access protocol packet, performing VXLAN GPE encapsulation on the user access protocol packet based on the user access information, the encapsulation structure includes a user information header that is used to store the user access information, a quantity of bytes occupied by the user information header is less than or equal to 12. In this application, the foregoing encapsulation structure is used to encapsulate a packet.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a virtual network device. The virtual network device is configured to implement a broadband network gateway BNG function, and the virtual network device includes a load balance unit and a first forwarding unit; the load balance unit is configured to: receive a first data packet from a first user terminal, determine the first forwarding unit according to the first data packet and a first correspondence, and send the first data packet to the first forwarding unit, where the first correspondence indicates mapping from the first user terminal to the first forwarding unit; and the first forwarding unit is configured to receive and forward the first data packet. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention further disclose a method for implementing load sharing in a virtual network device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a virtual network device. The virtual network device is configured to implement a broadband network gateway BNG function, and the virtual network device includes a load balance unit and a first forwarding unit; the load balance unit is configured to: receive a first data packet from a first user terminal, determine the first forwarding unit according to the first data packet and a first correspondence, and send the first data packet to the first forwarding unit, where the first correspondence indicates mapping from the first user terminal to the first forwarding unit; and the first forwarding unit is configured to receive and forward the first data packet. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention further disclose a method for implementing load sharing in a virtual network device.

Abstract: A display panel, a manufacturing method thereof and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a base substrate, a pixel definition layer, a light emitting layer and a spacer. The pixel definition layer is configured to define each of subpixels in the display panel and includes a groove structure which is disposed between adjacent subpixels, the spacer is disposed in the groove structure, the light emitting layer is disposed on a side of the pixel definition layer and the spacer away from the base substrate, and a thermal expansion efficient of the spacer is greater than a thermal expansion efficient of the light emitting layer.

Abstract: This application discloses a BRAS system-based packet encapsulation method and apparatus, and pertains to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: obtaining user access information when receiving a user access protocol packet, performing VXLAN GPE encapsulation on the user access protocol packet based on the user access information, the encapsulation structure includes a user information header that is used to store the user access information, a quantity of bytes occupied by the user information header is less than or equal to 12. In this application, the foregoing encapsulation structure is used to encapsulate a packet, and an encapsulated packet has backward compatibility. In addition, because the quantity of bytes occupied by the user information header is less than a quantity of bytes occupied by an NSH that carries the user access information, encapsulation overheads are saved.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that down-regulate immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are provided. Also provided are methods of treating a disease by down-regulating immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The methods are useful for treating cancer and viral infection in a subject.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that down-regulate immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are provided. Also provided are methods of treating a disease by down-regulating immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The methods are useful for treating cancer and viral infection in a subject.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that down-regulate immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are provided. Also provided are methods of treating a disease by down-regulating immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The methods are useful for treating cancer and viral infection in a subject.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a virtual network device. The virtual network device is configured to implement a broadband network gateway BNG function, and the virtual network device includes a load balance unit and a first forwarding unit; the load balance unit is configured to: receive a first data packet from a first user terminal, determine the first forwarding unit according to the first data packet and a first correspondence, and send the first data packet to the first forwarding unit, where the first correspondence indicates mapping from the first user terminal to the first forwarding unit; and the first forwarding unit is configured to receive and forward the first data packet. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention further disclose a method for implementing load sharing in a virtual network device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a hot standby method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: saving, by an active device, first user information of the active device into a local cache module of the active device and sending, by the active device, the first user information to a remote cache module of a first standby device based on preset correlation information. In response to detecting that the active device becomes faulty, the first standby device obtains the first user information from the remote cache module of the first standby device and restores the first user information.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that down-regulate immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are provided. Also provided are methods of treating a disease by down-regulating immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The methods are useful for treating cancer and viral infection in a subject.

Abstract: Provided is an actuator, comprising a motor/generator element and a clutch/brake element. The motor/generator element comprises a stator made of a high magnetic permeable material, an outer coil being wound around the stator; a rotor made of a high magnetic permeable material and with a plurality of permanent magnets fixed thereon; and a cavity configured to receive a fluid. The clutch/brake element is arranged in the cavity. An inner coil is wound around the clutch/brake element. The fluid is capable of producing a shear stress in response to an electromagnetic field induced from the inner coil.

Abstract: The present invention polynucleotide aptamers that selectively bind to and inhibit the function of osteopontin, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of use for diagnostics and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with osteopontin.

Abstract: Provided is an actuator, comprising a motor/generator element and a clutch/brake element. The motor/generator element comprises a stator made of a high magnetic permeable material, an outer coil being wound around the stator; a rotor made of a high magnetic permeable material and with a plurality of permanent magnets fixed thereon; and a cavity configured to receive a fluid. The clutch/brake element is arranged in the cavity. An inner coil is wound around the clutch/brake element. The fluid is capable of producing a shear stress in response to an electromagnetic field induced from the inner coil.