Abstract: The present application provides a method and system for calibration of structural parameters and construction of an affine coordinate system of a vision measurement system. The method comprises the following steps: S1, for the same image, performing bundle adjustment on front points and corresponding image points to acquire rear intersection point coordinates; S2, acquiring world coordinate of a front principal point corresponding to an intersection point; S3, performing the steps S1 and S2 cyclically by utilizing a plurality of different calibrated images to acquire a plurality of pairs of intersection point coordinates and world coordinates of front projection points; S4, performing tangent co-spherical second intersection adjustment by utilizing the pairs of intersection point coordinate and world coordinate of front projection point to acquire structural parameters and coordinate of rotation center of the pan-tilt of the vision measurement system; and S5, establishing an affine space coordinate system.