Abstract: A method for cleaning a water filtration membrane, the method having at least an alkaline cleaning step, wherein the method includes a first enzyme solution comprising a polypeptide having carbohydrase activity, and a second enzyme solution comprising a polypeptide having protease activity.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Compositions, systems and methods of sequencing are disclosed, where the compositions and systems include polymerase enzymes that have been genetically modified to more efficiently incorporate nucleotides including labels having a detectable properties that are released during incorporation, to augment a rate of labeled nucleotide incorporation, to augment a rate of pyrophosphate release, or to augment two or more of these properties and rates. Also disclosed are terminally labeled and dual labeled nucleotides, and click-chemistry based methods of synthesizing the same.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and systems for use in polymerase-dependent, nucleotide transient-binding methods. The methods are useful for deducing the sequence of a template nucleic acid molecule and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses. The methods rely on the fact that the polymerase transient-binding time for a complementary nucleotide is longer compared to that of a non-complementary nucleotide. The labeled nucleotides transiently-binds the polymerase in a template-dependent manner, but does not incorporate. The methods are conducted under any reaction condition that permits transient binding of a complementary or non-complementary nucleotide to a polymerase, and inhibits nucleotide incorporation.

Abstract: Support surfaces are disclosed that are designed to support molecules or molecular assemblies immobilized thereon so that the molecules or molecular assemblies can be observed in single molecule detections systems, where the support surfaces have reduced background and the fluorescent labels associated with the immobilized molecules or molecular assemblies have longer active lifetimes prior to permanent photo-bleaching or deactivation and have improve fluorescence properties and where the surfaces have more uniform fluorescent properties.

Abstract: Labeled nucleotide triphosphates are disclosed having a label bonded to the gamma phosphate of the nucleotide triphosphate. Methods for using the gamma phosphate labeled nucleotide are also disclosed where the gamma phosphate labeled nucleotide are used to attach the labeled gamma phosphate in a catalyzed (enzyme or man-made catalyst) reaction to a target biomolecule or to exchange a phosphate on a target biomolecule with a labeled gamme phosphate. Preferred target biomolecules are DNAs, RNAs, DNA/RNAs, PNA, polypeptide (e.g., proteins enzymes, protein, assemblages, etc.), sugars and polysaccharides or mixed biomolecules having two or more of DNAs, RNAs, DNA/RNAs, polypeptide, sugars and polysaccharides moieties.

Abstract: A novel and efficient single pot synthetic schemes are disclosed for preparing modified nucleotides, nucleotide analogs, nucleotide polyphosphates, and nucleotide polyphosphate analogs. The novel method is used to prepare nucleotides, nucleotide analogs, nucleotide polyphosphates, and nucleotide polyphosphate analogs having non-persistent or persistent and non-persistent modifications. Novel biomolecular reactions are also disclosed using the novel modified biomolecules disclosed herein.

Abstract: Modified nucleotides are disclosed for use in single molecule sequencing, methods for making the modified nucleotides and method for using the modified nucleotides. Linkers for making the modified nucleotide are also disclosed.

Abstract: Support surfaces are disclosed that are designed to support molecules or molecular assemblies immobilized thereon so that the molecules or molecular assemblies can be observed in single molecule detections systems, where the support surfaces have reduced background and the fluorescent labels associated with the immobilized molecules or molecular assemblies have longer active lifetimes prior to permanent photo-bleaching or deactivation and have improve fluorescence properties and where the surfaces have more uniform fluorescent properties.

Abstract: A sporting apparatus used by a person for engaging in a sporting activity. The sporting apparatus includes a single or multiple embedded MR sensors for measuring magnetic vectors of the earth magnetic field for dynamically recording a path of motion of the sporting apparatus in real time. In a preferred embodiment, the sporting apparatus further includes one or multiple MEMS accelerometer sensors for sensing acceleration of a designated portion of the sporting apparatus for measuring impact velocity as the designated portion impacting a ball. In a specific embodiment, the sporting apparatus is a golf club wherein the accelerometer sensors are disposed adjacent to the grip side of the shaft for sensing the impact of the club head against a golf ball. In another specific embodiment, the golf club further includes a magnetic field sensor disposed near the grip end of the golf club for measuring a motion path of the golf club.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for recreating radio frequency (RF) conditions of a cellular network extracts significant RF effects from field test data, and recreates variable RF attenuation using a multi-channel attenuator. A field data processor converts the field test data to time-varying attenuator control values for each channel of the multi-channel attenuator. Accordingly, a mobile in the lab which is connected to the multi-channel attenuator sees the same carrier and interference levels that were observed in the field environment, allowing cellular communication equipment testing without repeated field testing.