Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a substrate; a display element disposed on the substrate; a pixel-defining layer disposed on the substrate and defining an opening that defines an emission area of the display element; a spacer disposed on the pixel-defining layer and defining a first opening that overlaps the opening of the pixel-defining layer; a thin-film encapsulation layer disposed on the display element; and a light-shielding layer disposed on the thin-film encapsulation layer and defining a second opening corresponding to the emission area of the display element, where a size of the first opening is greater than or equal to a size of the second opening in a plan view.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate having a display area and a peripheral area at a side of the display area; a transistor in the display area of the substrate; a first electrode connected to the transistor; a pixel defining layer on the first electrode and having a plurality of pixel openings; an emission layer in respective ones of the pixel openings; a second electrode on the emission layer and the pixel defining layer; a driver in the peripheral area of the substrate; and a support member overlapping the driver.