Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells or dental pulp stem cells. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for differentiating stem cells to neural cells by applying mesenchymal stem cells or dental pulp stem cells with a low-frequency electromagnetic field. The differentiation method according to the present invention can induce differentiation even with low-cost mediums rather than induced neural differentiation mediums which are expensive due to addition of growth factors, and the neural cells differentiated according to the present invention may be useful for treatment of neurological brain diseases.

Abstract: A process of treating a lignocellulosic material includes a pre-extraction step in which hemicellulose is extracted from the lignocellulosic material. In one embodiment, the pre-extraction step involves contacting the lignocellulosic material with an aqueous solution under conditions that release acidic material from the lignocellulosic material into the aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution includes a basic material that at least partly neutralizes the acidic material so that the aqueous solution at the end of the pre-extraction step has a pH within a range of from 4.5 to 11. The process also includes a pulping step, after the pre-extraction step, in which the lignocellulosic material is separated into pulp. The process further includes an adsorption step, after the pulping step, in which hemicellulose is adsorbed on the pulp.

Abstract: An exposed die overmolded flip chip package includes a substrate. A die is flip chip mounted to an upper surface of the substrate. The package further includes a mold cap filling a space between an active surface of the die and the upper surface of the substrate. The mold cap includes a principal surface, sidewalls extending from the upper surface of the substrate to the principal surface, an annular surface coplanar with the inactive surface of the die and extending outward from a peripheral edge of the inactive surface of the die, and protruding surfaces extending between the principal surface and the annular surface. The mold cap does not cover the inactive surface of the die such that heat transfer from the die to the ambient environment is maximized and the package thickness is minimized.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing thermoplastics-continuous fiber hybrid composite, which is easily woven and has excellent uniformity and impregnation at the time of hot melt impregnation after the weaving, including: a) widely and uniformly stretching a bundle of glass fibers; b) heating the stretched glass fibers; c) preparing a thermoplastics-continuous fiber bonding material by binding the heated glass fiber with thermoplastics; d) preparing a multi-layered thermoplastics-continuous fiber bonding material by folding the bonding material in a shape of zigzag; and e) pressing the multi-layered thermoplastics-continuous fiber bonding material.

Abstract: Provided is an iron-based amorphous alloy and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, provided is an high carbon iron-based amorphous alloy expressed by a general formula Fe?C?Si?BxPyCrz, wherein ?, ?, ?, x, y and z are atomic % of iron (Fe), carbon (C), silicon (Si), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and chrome (Cr) respectively, wherein a is expressed by ?=100?(?+?+x+y+z) atomic %, ? is expressed by 13.5 atomic %???17.8 atomic %, ? is expressed by 0.30 atomic %???1.50 atomic %, x is expressed by 0.1 atomic %?x?4.0 atomic %, y is expressed by 0.8 atomic %?y?7.7 atomic %, and z is expressed by 0.1 atomic %?z?3.0 atomic %.

Abstract: Provided is a method for testing adhesion. The method includes forming thin films on a substrate; attaching an elastic plate to the substrate, wherein the elastic plate has a larger elastic coefficient than the substrate; and performing an adhesion test on the thin films using an adhesion test apparatus.

Abstract: In a display panel and a method of manufacturing the display panel, the display panel includes a display substrate including a first electrode and a second electrode insulated from the first electrode and disposed on the first electrode, an opposite substrate including a third electrode facing the second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules, a reactive mesogen polymer, and nano-rods.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measurement of radiation intensity for testing reliability of a solar cell, and a method for testing the reliability of the solar cell. The apparatus includes a first solar cell receiving a predetermined intensity of radiation or more to generate electricity, a second solar cell receiving a predetermined intensity of radiation or more to generate electricity; a temperature sensor sensing a temperature of the second solar cell; a cooler cooling the first solar cell; and a controller measuring the intensity of radiation applied to the first solar cell, and controlling the cooler to prevent the temperature of the first solar cell from increasing above a predetermined temperature depending on the temperature of the second solar cell sensed by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a biodegradable scaffold for replacing tissue or inducing tissue regeneration and a preparation method thereof, wherein the scaffold comprises at least one woven silk tube layer and a collagen layer inside the tube layer. The scaffold is excellent in terms of tissue regeneration and mechanical properties and causes little or no immune response after implantation. Thus, the scaffold can be effectively used as a matrix for the regeneration of ligaments and tendons and the repair of injured muscles.

Abstract: Disclosed are a high density CIS thin film and a method of manufacturing the same, which includes coating CIS nanopowders, CIGS nanopowders or CZTS nanopowders on a substrate by non-vacuum coating, followed by heat treatment with cavities between the nanopowders filled with filling elements such as copper, indium, gallium, zinc, tin, and the like. The high density CIS thin film is applied to a photo-absorption layer of a thin film solar cell, thereby providing a highly efficient thin film solar cell.

Abstract: An exposed die overmolded flip chip package includes a substrate. A die is flip chip mounted to an upper surface of the substrate. The package further includes a mold cap filling a space between an active surface of the die and the upper surface of the substrate. The mold cap includes a principal surface, sidewalls extending from the upper surface of the substrate to the principal surface, an annular surface coplanar with the inactive surface of the die and extending outward from a peripheral edge of the inactive surface of the die, and protruding surfaces extending between the principal surface and the annular surface. The mold cap does not cover the inactive surface of the die such that heat transfer from the die to the ambient environment is maximized and the package thickness is minimized.

Abstract: A phase-change memory device includes: a unit cell including a phase-change resistor; a sense amplifier applying a sensing current to the phase-change resistor; and a switching unit operating in a standby mode or a read mode according to a global line signal and controlling passing presence of the sensing current passing through the phase-change resistor according to an active signal in the standby mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an efficient production method of xylitol by using the xylitol producing microorganism introduced with arabinose metabolic pathway to inhibit the production of arabitol, the byproduct, and instead to use arabinose only for cell metabolism in xylose/arabinose mixed medium. More precisely, to express efficiently L-arabinose isomerase (araA), L-ribulokinase (araB) and L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase (araD) in Candida tropicalis, codon optimization was performed. Then, each gene was inserted in the gene expression cassette containing the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter and the selection marker URA3, which was introduced into Candida sp. microorganism. As a result, arabitol, the byproduct interrupting the purification and crystallization of xylitol could be inhibited, making the production method of xylitol of the present invention more efficient.

Abstract: A stable system for producing liquid products such as ethanol, butanol and other chemicals from syngas components contacts CO or a mixture of CO2 and H2 with a highly porous side of an asymmetric membrane under anaerobic conditions and transferring these components into contact with microorganisms contained within bio-pores of the membrane. The membrane side of the membrane utilizes a dense layer to control hydration of the bio-pores with a liquid phase. The gas feed directly contacts the microorganisms in the bio-pores and maximizes their utilization of the syngas. Metabolic products produced by the microorganisms leave the membrane through the side opposite the entering syngas. This system and method establishes a unitary direction across the membrane for the supply of the primary feed source to the microorganisms and the withdrawal of metabolically produced products. The feed and product flow improves productivity and performance of the microorganism and the membrane.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a bioartificial liver system comprising a fixed-bed bioreactor packed with gel beads containing hepatocytes of an animal, a plasma reservoir, a plasma separator, and an efflux chamber, wherein the plasma reservoir is located at a position higher than the bioreactor, a ventilation filter in contact with atmosphere is provided at the top of the plasma reservoir, and the top of the plasma reservoir is directly connected to the efflux chamber via a connecting line. The inventive system satisfactorily performs the essential liver functions without the problems of gel bead damage or channeling.

Abstract: A stable method for producing liquid products such as ethanol, propanol, butanol and other chemicals from syngas components that contacts CO or a mixture of CO2 and H2 with a highly porous side of an asymmetric membrane under anaerobic conditions and transfers these components into contact with microorganisms contained within bio-pores of the membrane. A liquid contacting side of the membrane utilizes a dense layer to control hydration of the bio-pores with a liquid phase. The gas feed directly contacts the microorganisms in the bio-pores and maximizes their utilization of the syngas. Metabolic products produced by the microorganisms leave the membrane through the side opposite the entering syngas. This method establishes a unitary direction across the membrane for the supply of the primary feed source to the microorganisms and the withdrawal of metabolically produced products. The feed and product flow improves productivity and performance of the microorganism and the membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-voltage gas circuit breaker, and there is provided a gas circuit breaker including a movable arc contact and a fixed arc contact engaged with the movable arc contact; a cylinder rod coupled with the movable arc contact; an insulating rod connected to the cylinder rod through a link mechanism in which an end thereof is connected to an operating mechanism; and an ejection nozzle for ejecting an arc-extinguishing gas between the movable arc contact and the fixed arc contact, wherein the link mechanism is reduced in a length direction of the insulating rod to pull the cylinder rod to a side of the insulating rod when the insulating rod is moved apart from the cylinder rod.

Abstract: A method and system for supporting an energy saving function in a communication system are provided. An evolved Node B (eNB) Element Management System (EMS) receives usage statistical data from an eNB and compares the usage statistical data with a threshold value. The eNB EMS determines whether to turn on or off power sources of Power Amplifier (PA) units connected to antennas corresponding to sectors included in a serving cell of the eNB according to the compared result, and transmits, to the eNB, a command message directing the eNB to turn on or off power sources of corresponding PA units according to the determined result.