Abstract: A novel printed circuit board (PCB) 10 that incorporates embedded into its substrate an electric heater 14 is disclosed. This electric heater 14 becomes the only source of heat for simultaneously soldering components to pads 12. The PCB 10 is the key element that permits to create apparatuses and implement processes for soldering PCB assemblies without utilizing a reflow oven. Compared against the prior art this invention requires less manufacturing equipment, reduces the manufacturing cost, reduces manufacturing energy consumption and improves the quality and reliability of soldered PCB assemblies.

Abstract: A fuel vaporizer chamber that is interconnected with a conventional combustion chamber through a valve. The valve remains open during the combustion phase allowing hot combustion products to fill the chamber. The valve is closed during the expansion stroke to trap the products therein. Fuel is then injected into the chamber and vaporized. The valve is opened to release the vaporized fuel mixture into the conventional combustion chamber during the subsequent compression stroke. The charge is then ignited and the cycle is repeated.

Abstract: A fuel vaporizer chamber that is interconnected with a conventional combustion chamber through a valve. The valve allows hot combustion products to enter the chamber during the expansion stroke and is closed to trap the products therein. Fuel is then injected into the chamber and vaporized. The valve is opened to release the vaporized fuel mixture into the combustion chamber during the subsequent compression stroke. The charge is then ignited and the cycle is repeated.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvements in the art of liquid fuel combustion and, more particularly, concerns a method and apparatus for the controlled gassification of liquid fuels, the thorough premixing of the then gassified fuel with air and the subsequent gas-phase combustion of the mixture to produce a flame substantially free of soot, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and unburned fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvements in the art of liquid fuel combustion and, more particularly, concerns a method and apparatus for the controlled gassification of liquid fuels, the thorough premixing of the then gassified fuel with air and the subsequent gas-phase combustion of the mixture to produce a flame substantially free of soot, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and unburned fuel.