Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for low-NOx combustion with at least one burner (5) using fuel and oxidizing agent and/or furnace off-gases and/or carbon dioxide and/or steam. The low-NOx combustion according to the invention can be used in conventional melting and holding furnaces, in particular in aluminum holding furnaces or rotary drum furnaces and glass-melting furnaces, with the potential for considerable economies to be made.

Abstract: In a known method for heating an industrial furnace by pulsating combustion, gaseous or liquid reactants, comprising an oxidizing agent and fuel, are fed to a burner (3), with the volumetric flow of at least one of the reactants which emerges from the burner mouth (7) being changed over the course of time. On this basis, to provide a method which allows a simple and flexible change to the flow during pulsating combustion, according to the invention it is proposed that the change in the volumetric flow of the reactant over the course of time is generated by electrical actuation imparting deflections to at least one membrane (14) in a membrane space (13) which is connected upstream of the burner mouth (3) and is accessible to the reactant, which deflections cause changes to the volume of the membrane space.