Abstract: The energy transition involves the electrical power supply being almost completely covered by renewable energy sources such as solar plants or wind turbines. However, due to their naturally fluctuating output, these energy sources require the use of large energy storage systems, the realization of which still represents a major problem today. The present invention relates to supporting the construction of a large-scale pumped-storage power plant, e.g., in the Hambach open-pit mine, by enabling test operation as well as energy generation as early as during the construction phase.

Abstract: As underwater pumped storage power plant reservoir in a dry but floodable ground depression, comprises a modular arrangement of several individual pressure vessel modules for the intermediate storage of electrical energy from other power plants, wherein the pressure vessel modules each have an outer wall with at least one flow-through opening for letting in and/or letting out water and can each be filled with water and/or pumped empty independently of one another when the dry ground depression is flooded with water, and wherein the modular arrangement of the pressure vessel modules is designed in such a way that the pressure vessel modules are arranged with respect to one another in the dry ground depression with their outer wall face-to face adjacent to one another.

Abstract: The energy transition involves the electrical power supply being almost completely covered by renewable energy sources such as solar plants or wind turbines. However, due to their naturally fluctuating output, these energy sources require the use of large energy storage systems, the realization of which still represents a major problem today. The present invention provides a solution which aims to secure the entire short-term storage capacity needed for the energy transition in Germany (and even Europe). For this purpose, in particular, the invention proposes the construction of a large-scale pumped-storage power plant in the Hambach open-pit mine, as a result of which the can mine be put to subsequent use in a sustainable way. The invention also relates to the construction and partial commissioning of the plant in parallel with the use that is being phased out, in particular that of lignite mining (by 2038). This is to avoid the loss of a significant number of existing jobs.

Abstract: An underwater pumped storage power plant that includes: an accumulator system with pressure vessels fillable with water and; a water outlet for water flow out of the system into a surrounding ocean against hydrostatic water pressure (PT) corresponding to water depth (T); a pump at the water outlet to pump water out of the system by converting electrical energy into potential energy corresponding to a displaced water column PT; a water inlet to allow water flow into the system from the surrounding ocean; a common generator at the water inlet, to convert the potential energy back into electrical energy when water flows in; electric lines to transport the electrical energy from the ocean surface to the power plant and back, wherein the pressure vessels are pressure-resistant and resistant to deformation from the PT at the ocean floor.

Abstract: A pumped storage power plant for a temporary reversible storage of energy, such as the energy available from wind power stations and/or photovoltaic systems that is fluctuating over time. The pumped storage power plant is designed as an underwater pumped storage power plant, wherein the ocean assumes the function of an upper storage basin and a pressure tank placed on the ocean floor serves as a lower storage basin. The storage of the electric energy takes place through pumping water out of the inside of the pressure tank against the hydrostatic water pressure on the ocean floor.

Abstract: An underwater pumped storage power plant that includes: an accumulator system with pressure vessels fillable with water and; a water outlet for water flow out of the system into a surrounding ocean against hydrostatic water pressure (PT) corresponding to water depth (T); a pump at the water outlet to pump water out of the system by converting electrical energy into potential energy corresponding to a displaced water column PT; a water inlet to allow water flow into the system from the surrounding ocean; a common generator at the water inlet, to convert the potential energy back into electrical energy when water flows in; electric lines to transport the electrical energy from the ocean surface to the power plant and back, wherein the pressure vessels are pressure-resistant and resistant to deformation from the PT at the ocean floor.

Abstract: A pumped storage power plant for a temporary reversible storage of energy, such as the energy available from wind power stations and/or photovoltaic systems that is fluctuating over time. The pumped storage power plant is designed as an underwater pumped storage power plant, wherein the ocean assumes the function of an upper storage basin and a pressure tank placed on the ocean floor serves as a lower storage basin. The storage of the electric energy takes place through pumping water out of the inside of the pressure tank against the hydrostatic water pressure on the ocean floor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device and method for two-dimensional imaging and timing of particles or electromagnetic radiation with improved pulse-pair resolution. A detector, e.g. a michrochannel plate detector with a delay-line anode with three or more conductive members is used as exemplary embodiment for achieving these requirements. Redundant position and timing information is used for uniquely determine the timing and position of two or more particles, even if they arrive at the same time at the detector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a particle source, particularly an ion source for the production of excited particles in gaseous media. A dielectric, e.g., Kapton foil, is coated electrically conductively on both sides, and a voltage, preferably pulsed, is applied between the two coatings. A gas discharge is ignited in the gas through-flow by the voltage. Due to a pressure difference between the two sides of the foil, the gas expands from the high pressure side to the low pressure side, preferably in an ultrasonic expansion, whereby a directed, cold beam of excited particles or ions is produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a particle source, particularly an ion source for the production of excited particles in gaseous media. A dielectric, e.g., Kapton foil, is coated electrically conductively on both sides, and a voltage, preferably pulsed, is applied between the two coatings. A gas discharge is ignited in the gas through-flow by the voltage. Due to a pressure difference between the two sides of the foil, the gas expands from the high pressure side to the low pressure side, preferably in an ultrasonic expansion, whereby a directed, cold beam of excited particles or ions is produced.