Abstract: A railroad, in particular an amusement ride, has a route subdivided into sections. Vehicles driven exclusively by gravity move along the route. Switching elements are arranged on the route for switches situated on the vehicles, in order to determine the position of the vehicles on the route. Vehicle controllers on the vehicles are connected to a central controller via a radio network. Brakes are arranged on the vehicles. Therefore, apart from the switching elements, all safety-relevant parts are shifted from the railroad to the vehicles and the vehicles are equipped with controllers, so that they can brake automatically and at any time if necessary, e.g. in the event of a failure or a disruption of the communication with the central controller.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode ray tube having an input resonator cavity which includes a first metal wall (2) and, spaced apart therefrom, a second metal wall (3) each conveying a low electric potential and constituting coupling areas (6, 7) at axially spaced locations, in which areas metal elements (10, 12) conveying a high electric potential are located opposite surface sections (8, 9 and 14, 15) which are electrically connected to the metal walls (2, 3) via insulating dielectrics (11, 13), the coupling areas (6, 7) being separated by a spacing dielectric. A high-voltage stable arrangement which is resistant to temperature fluctuations is obtained in that the spacing dielectric consists of a different material than the insulating dielectrics (6, 7) and has a lower value of the product of loss factor and dielectric constant (tg.delta..times..epsilon.) at a high frequency.

Abstract: A multistage collector for electron-beam tubes, in particular for klystrons, comprising a plurality of electrode rings (7 to 11 ) which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the electron beam and which are connected to gradually decreasing electric potentials, and comprising insulating ceramic spacer rings (12 to 16) which interconnect adjacent electrode rings (7 to 11) in an electrically insulating vacuum-tight manner.

Abstract: Cathodes having a support for emissive material of foamed carbon are mechanically stable and resistant to detrition and have a homogeneous pore distribution.

Abstract: In a thermionic cathode having a planar emissive body and a heating element of pyrolytic graphite which is provided on the side of the emissive body remote from the emissive surface of the emissive body, a uniform temperature distribution adjusts during operation throughout the overall emissive surface when the heating element is planar and the crystallographic c-axis of the pyrolytic graphite extends everywhere normal to the surface of the heating element facing the emissive body. As a result of this the possibility is obtained of realizing a planar, "rapid", induction-free unipotential cathode having a substantially ideal homogeneous temperature distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed are grid electrodes of glassy carbon which have good mechanical and electrical properties and can be manufactured in a simple manner with a great dimensional stability. The grid electrodes may be made by two alternative methods. In one method a body of cured synthetic resin is formed or processed into the shape of the desired electrode, after which it is carbonized. In the second method a preshaped body of cured synthetic resin which is in the unprocessed state, is carbonized after which the resulting glassy carbon body is further processed to the desired electrode, preferably by laser beam cutting.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a pyrolytic graphite grid electrode in which after formation of the grid, the electrode is annealed at a temperature of 700.degree. to 1200.degree. C in a reactive atmosphere to remove carbon particles adhering to the electrode surface.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing grid electrodes wherein a grid sleeve is produced by depositing pyrolytic graphite on a polished mandril of glassy carbon and provided with apertures by means of the laser beam, then the finished grid is provided, by means of hot gas pyrolysis, with a second layer of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, and thermally and/or mechanically after-treated at 3000.degree. to 3800.degree. K and 10-500 bar.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode for a grid-controlled electron tube in which the emission of surface regions immediately opposite the control grid is reduced by providing projections above the emissive surface of fused, pore-closing portons which have a focussing effect. These projections may be formed by electron beam or laser beam welding.