Abstract: In a process for reduction of pollutant emissions during thermal processes, particularly sintering processes, in which a combustible mixture, particularly a coke bed, is ignited, the fuel-containing mixture, particularly the coke is rolled with Ca(oH).sub.2 or impregnated with a lime hydrate sludge before feeding the fuel-containing mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of recovering molten pig iron or steel pre-products from lumpy iron-oxide containing charging substances. The charging substances are reduced to sponge iron in a direct reduction zone, the sponge iron is smelted in a meltdown gasifying zone under supply of carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas forming a coal fluidized bed, and CO and H.sub.2 containing reduction gas is produced, which is injected into the direct reduction zone and reacted there. For the commercial utilization of low-quality scrap grades, such as, e.g., automotive scrap,(a) scrap is charged into the meltdown gasifying zone in addition to sponge iron,(b) the scrap has an apparent weight of between 300 and 1000 kg/m.sup.3, preferably between 400 and 600 kg/m.sup.3, and(c) the temperature of the coal fluidized bed is maintained at 1,500.degree. to 1,7800.degree. C.

Abstract: This is disclosed a process of recovering molten pig iron or steel pre-products from lumpy iron-oxide containing charging substances. The charging substances are reduced to sponge iron in a direct reduction zone, the sponge iron is smelted in a meltdown gasifying zone under supply of carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas forming a coal fluidized bed, and CO and H.sub.2 containing reduction gas is produced, which is injected into the direct reduction zone and reacted there. For the commercial utilization of low-quality scrap grades, such as, e.g., automotive scrap,(a) scrap is charged into the meltdown gasifying zone in addition to sponge iron,(b) the scrap has an apparent weight of between 300 and 1000 kg/m.sup.3, preferably between 400 and 600 kg/m.sup.3, and(c) the temperature of the coal fluidized bed is maintained at 1,500.degree. to 1,700.degree. C.

Abstract: Coal gasifiers for the production of reducing gas are protected--at least in parts--by a refractory lining of unburned, carbonaceous magnesia bricks having a carbon content of 5 to 30 percent by weight. The component of these magnesia bricks consisting of sinter and/or fused magnesia suitably has a Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 content below 6 percent by weight, preferably below 1.5 percent by weight, and a SiO.sub.2 content below 3 percent by weight, preferably below 1 percent by weight.

Abstract: In the smelting process of recovering metal from non-ferrous metal oxide ores or concentrates and/or from fine-grained non-ferrous metal sulfide ores or concentrates, particularly from non-ferrous heavy metal sulfide ores or concentrates, any sulfide ores are initially oxidized. The ores or concentrates are then supplied to a fluidized bed of coal in a melting gasifier (1). A certain particle size is maintained. Sulfide ores are supplied to a melting burner (2), which directs a flame jet into the fluidized bed of coal (FIG. 1).

Abstract: For removing sulfur during melting of pig iron in a fluidized coal layer, it is proposed to introduce into the fluidized coal layer lumpy and/or grainy desulfurating agent. The desulfurating agent can additionally be introduced into the slag, noting that the desulfurating agent is preferably charged above or laterally of the fluidized coal layer within a range of grain sizes of 0.5 to 5 mm for the fluidized coal layer and within a range of grain sizes of 5 to 50 mm for the slag layer. The proportion of lumpy desulfurating agent selected should preferably be smaller than 50% by weight of the total amount of desulfurating agent.

Abstract: In a process for treating porous iron-containing particles, in particular iron sponge, performed for preventing reoxidation and/or corrosion during storage and transport it is proposed to roll the iron sponge particles in dust-shaped calcined lime stone (lime dust) and then to humidify the particles with an amount of water which is smaller than required for completely hydrating the calcined lime stone. Hydrophobing additives such as stearates, oleates, paraffins, oils, soaps or waste materials containing fats and soaps are added to the dust-shaped calcined lime stone, said hydrophobing additives being preferably added to the slaking water in form of water-soluble compounds such as ammonium stearate. The hydrophobic additives can be mixed with the calcined lime stone and optionally iron oxide dust. The process can also be performed such that two coatings are applied to the iron sponge particles to be treated in which case the hydrophobing additives are added within the second coating only.

Abstract: For continuously reducing and melting metal oxides and, respectively, metallic materials pre-reduced to a large extent, fuels are completely burned within a melting receptacle. The melting receptacle (8) is tightly passing at its upper side into at least one supply space (7) essentially extending in horizontal direction. The effluent gases of the complete combustion within the melting receptacle (8), are emerging via the supply space (7), coal dust being supplied via a coal dust nozzle (15) to the hot combustion gases immediately prior to entering the supply space (7). The hot combustion gases essentially consisting of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are at least partially converted to CO and H.sub.2 and cooled and are passed with a temperature exceeding 800.degree. C. within the supply space (7) in countercurrent to the charge material (10) to be supplied into the melting receptacle (8). While passing through the charge material (10), the combustion gases supplied with a temperature exceeding 800.degree. C.

Abstract: For protecting iron sponge particles against reoxidation and/or corrosion a coating comprising CaO as well as iron or iron oxides as adhesion promotor is applied onto the iron sponge particles. Water is subsequently sprayed onto this coating whereupon a second coating of a mixture of dust-shaped CaO and a carbon carrier is applied. This second coating is subsequently humidified with a smaller amount of water than would be necessary for completely slaking the CaO contained within the second coating.

Abstract: A process for treating sponge iron to protect it against reoxidation and/or corrosion during storage and transit comprising the steps of tumbling sponge iron which is in particle form with a pre-prepared blend of caustic lime powder and an adhesion promoting additive selected from the group consisting of iron oxide or mixtures thereof with iron to produce a coated product, the blend containing 1 to 20% by weight iron oxide; and then moistening the coated product with an amount of water less than the amount of water required for complete hydration of the caustic lime.