Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an aldehyde from an alkylene. The process includes (a) photocatalytically dehydrogenating at least one alkane to obtain a mixture comprising at least one olefin and hydrogen, (b) adding carbon dioxide and hydrogen to the mixture, and (c) hydroformylating the olefin to at least one aldehyde. The process also includes converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into water and carbon monoxide prior to the hydroformylating. In addition, the conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into water and carbon monoxide is performed by a reverse water gas shift reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated aldehydes or unsaturated carboxylic acids by heterogeneous catalytic gas phase oxidation of unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbons, comprising the process steps of: i) providing a gas mixture comprising a saturated hydrocarbon and catalytically dehydrogenating the saturated hydrocarbon in the gas phase to obtain a gas mixture comprising an unsaturated hydrocarbon in a dehydrogenation reactor having a dehydrogenation catalyst material; or ii) providing a gas mixture comprising oxygen and an unsaturated hydrocarbon; iii) catalytically oxidizing the unsaturated hydrocarbon obtained in process step i) or provided in process step ii) in the gas phase to obtain a gas mixture comprising an unsaturated aldehyde in a first oxidation reactor having a first oxidation catalyst material; wherein at least one of the reactors selected from the dehydrogenation reactor, the first oxidation reactor and the second oxidation reactor comprises at least one foam b

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixed oxide compositions, to the use thereof as a catalyst for cleavage of alkyl tert-alkyl ethers or tertiary alcohols, and to a process for cleaving alkyl tert-alkyl ethers or tertiary alcohols to isoolefins and alcohol or water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst which, in a formal sense, comprises 0.1 to 20% by mass of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal oxide, 0.1 to 99% by mass of oxide and 0.1 to 99% by mass of silicon dioxide, which is characterized in that it aluminum comprises the steps of treating an aluminosilicate with an aqueous alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal salt solution under acidic conditions and calcining the aluminosilicate treated with aqueous alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal salt solution, and to a catalyst which is obtainable by this process and, in a formal sense, comprises alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide, which is characterized in that the catalyst, in a formal sense, has a content of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal oxides of 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel complexes and to the use thereof as photosensitizers for generating hydrogen from water.

Abstract: Silicon-aluminum mixed oxide powder having a weight ratio of (Al2O3/SiO2)ttl in the total primary particle of from 0.003 to 0.05, a weight ratio (Al2O3/SiO2)surface of the primary particles in a surface layer having a thickness of about 5 nm which is less than in the total primary particle and a BET surface area of from 50 to 250 m2/g. It is prepared by igniting one or more silicon compounds selected from the group consisting of CH3SiCl3, (CH3)2SiCl2, (CH3)3SiCl and (n-C3H7)SiCl3, a hydrolysable and oxidizable aluminum compound, at least one fuel gas and air and burning the flame into a reaction chamber, subsequently separating the solid from gaseous materials and subsequently treating the solid with water vapor. The silicon-aluminum mixed oxide powder can be used as catalyst.

Abstract: The problem addressed by the present invention is that of specifying a process for producing aldehydes which, compared with conventional hydroformylation, cuts CO2, which utilises alternative sources of raw materials, and which has no need for a step of providing carbon monoxide. This problem is solved by processes comprising the following steps: a) providing at least one alkane; b) photocatalytically dehydrogenating the alkane to a mixture comprising at least one olefin and hydrogen; c) adding carbon dioxide and hydrogen to the mixture; d) hydroformylating the olefin to at least one aldehyde. More particularly, n-butane is initially dehydrogenated photocatalytically and the resulting 1-butene is reacted with CO2 in a hydroformylation to form valeraldehyde.

Abstract: A catalyst, useful in the preparation of isoolefins and containing 0.1 to 20% by mass of an alkali metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide and mixtures thereof; 0.1 to 99% by mass of aluminum oxide; and 0.1 to 99% by mass of silicon dioxide, is prepared by a) treating an aluminosilicate with an aqueous alkali metal salt solution, an alkaline earth metal salt solution and mixtures thereof, under acidic conditions, to obtain a treated aluminosilicate; and b) calcining the treated aluminosilicate, to obtain the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated aldehydes or unsaturated carboxylic acids by heterogeneous catalytic gas phase oxidation of unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbons, comprising the process steps of: i) providing a gas mixture comprising a saturated hydrocarbon and catalytically dehydrogenating the saturated hydrocarbon in the gas phase to obtain a gas mixture comprising an unsaturated hydrocarbon in a dehydrogenation reactor having a dehydrogenation catalyst material; or ii) providing a gas mixture comprising oxygen and an unsaturated hydrocarbon; iii) catalytically oxidizing the unsaturated hydrocarbon obtained in process step i) or provided in process step ii) in the gas phase to obtain a gas mixture comprising an unsaturated aldehyde in a first oxidation reactor having a first oxidation catalyst material; wherein at least one of the reactors selected from the dehydrogenation reactor, the first oxidation reactor and the second oxidation reactor comprises at least one foam b

Abstract: A process for the dissociation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which includes at least a) catalytic dissociation of MTBE which is present in two streams I and VII over a catalyst to give a dissociation product II, b) separation by distillation of the dissociation product II obtained in a) into an overhead stream III containing more than 90% by mass and a bottom stream IV containing diisobutene, MTBE and more than 80% of the methanol present in the dissociation product II, c) separation by distillation of the bottom stream IV obtained in b) into a methanol-containing bottom stream V, a side stream VI containing diisobutene, methanol and MTBE and an overhead stream VII containing MTBE and methanol and d) recirculation of the overhead stream VII to a).

Abstract: A catalyst, useful in the preparation of isoolefins and containing 0.1 to 20% by mass of an alkali metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide and mixtures thereof; 0.1 to 99% by mass of aluminum oxide; and 0.1 to 99% by mass of silicon dioxide, is prepared by a) treating an aluminosilicate with an aqueous alkali metal salt solution, an alkaline earth metal salt solution and mixtures thereof, under acidic conditions, to obtain a treated aluminosilicate; and b) calcining the treated aluminosilicate, to obtain the catalyst.

Abstract: Isobutene is prepared by dissociation of MTBE in the gas phase, by a) fractional distillation of an MTBE-containing stream comprising feed MTBE (I) and a recycle stream (VIII) to give an MTBE-containing overhead stream (II) and a bottom stream (III) having a boiling point higher than MTBE, b) catalytic dissociation of the overhead stream (II) obtained in step a) to give a dissociation product (IV), c) separation by distillation of the dissociation product (IV) obtained in step b) into an overhead stream (V) comprising more than 90% by mass of isobutene and a bottom stream (VI) comprising diisobutene, MTBE and more than 50% of the methanol present in the dissociation product (IV), d) fractional distillation of the bottom stream obtained in step c) under conditions under which the methanol is obtained as bottom product (VII) and more than 99% of the MTBE is obtained in the overhead product (VIII), and e) recirculation of the overhead product (VIII) to step a).

Abstract: Isobutene is prepared by a process in which a) an MTBE-containing stream I is separated by distillation into an MTBE-containing overhead stream II and a bottom stream III which comprises compounds having boiling points higher than that of MTBE; and b) the MTBE present in the overhead stream II is dissociated over a catalyst to give a dissociation product IV; wherein the stream I has a proportion of 2-methoxybutane (MSBE) of greater than 1000 ppm by mass, based on MTBE, and wherein the separation by distillation in step a) and/or the dissociation in step b) is carried out so that the dissociation product IV has a concentration of less than 1000 ppm by mass of linear butenes, based on a C4-olefin fraction.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a catalyst for the manufacture of methyl mercaptan from carbon oxides comprising Mo and K compounds and oxides or sulfides of metals chosen from the manganese group. The improvement of the present process consists of the fact that carbon dioxide can be converted with higher conversions and selectivities to methyl mercaptan as compared to state-of-the-art technologies, with only minor amounts of carbon monoxide being formed as side product. Simultaneously, carbon monoxide can be easily converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen by reaction with water using established water-gas-shift-technologies thus increasing the overall selectivity to methyl mercaptan.

Abstract: A reactor for carrying out catalyzed liquid reactions in which the catalyst is present as a dispersion in the reaction zone. The reactor includes at least one inlet and outlet, with all starting materials being fed in via the inlet and all products being discharged via the outlet. The inlet and outlet can be switched so that an exit previously serving as the outlet is utilized as an entrance serving as the inlet and at the same time an entrance previously serving as the inlet is utilized as an exit serving as the outlet. The inlet and outlet each include a filter element that keeps the catalyst in the reactor. The reactor also includes a device that ensures homogeneous distribution of the catalyst and the starting materials in the reactor. This reactor can carry out reactions at a high solids content without the catalyst having to be separated off from a product stream in an extra process step and without regular cleaning and thus shutdown of the process being necessary.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of acrylic acid, comprising at least the following steps: a. dehydrating glycerine to a dehydration product comprising acrolein; b. gas phase oxidation of the dehydration product comprising acrolein to obtain a monomer gas comprising an acrylic acid; c. bringing into contact the monomer gas with a quench means to obtain a quench phase comprising acrylic acid; and d. processing the quench phase comprising acrylic acid to obtain a monomer phase comprising acrylic acid. The present invention may also relate to a process for preparation of polymers by radical polymerization of acrylic acid, the water-absorbing polymers obtainable by this process, water-absorbing polymers based to at least 25 wt % upon partially neutralized acrylic acid, a composite, a device for preparation of acrylic acid, a process for preparation of acrylic acid, and the acrylic acid obtainable by this process.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a catalyst for the manufacture of methyl mercaptan from carbon oxides comprising Mo and K compounds and oxides or sulfides of metals chosen from the manganese group. The improvement of the present process consists of the fact that carbon dioxide can be converted with higher conversions and selectivities to methyl mercaptan as compared to state-of-the-art technologies, with only minor amounts of carbon monoxide being formed as side product. Simultaneously, carbon monoxide can be easily converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen by reaction with water using established water-gas-shift-technologies thus increasing the overall selectivity to methyl mercaptan.

Abstract: Isobutene is prepared by dissociation of MTBE in the gas phase, by a) fractional distillation of an MTBE-containing stream comprising feed MTBE (I) and a recycle stream (VIII) to give an MTBE-containing overhead stream (II) and a bottom stream (III) having a boiling point higher than MTBE, b) catalytic dissociation of the overhead stream (II) obtained in step a) to give a dissociation product (IV), c) separation by distillation of the dissociation product (IV) obtained in step b) into an overhead stream (V) comprising more than 90% by mass of isobutene and a bottom stream (VI) comprising diisobutene, MTBE and more than 50% of the methanol present in the dissociation product (IV), d) fractional distillation of the bottom stream obtained in step c) under conditions under which the methanol is obtained as bottom product (VII) and more than 99% of the MTBE is obtained in the overhead product (VIII), and e) recirculation of the overhead product (VIII) to step a).

Abstract: A process for the dissociation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which includes at least a) catalytic dissociation of MTBE which is present in two streams I and VII over a catalyst to give a dissociation product II, b) separation by distillation of the dissociation product II obtained in a) into an overhead stream III containing more than 90% by mass and a bottom stream IV containing diisobutene, MTBE and more than 80% of the methanol present in the dissociation product II, c) separation by distillation of the bottom stream IV obtained in b) into a methanol-containing bottom stream V, a side stream VI containing diisobutene, methanol and MTBE and an overhead stream VII containing MTBE and methanol and d) recirculation of the overhead stream VII to a).

Abstract: A catalyst, useful in the preparation of isoolefins and containing 0.1 to 20% by mass of an alkali metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide and mixtures thereof; 0.1 to 99% by mass of aluminum oxide; and 0.1 to 99% by mass of silicon dioxide, is prepared by a) treating an aluminosilicate with an aqueous alkali metal salt solution, an alkaline earth metal salt solution and mixtures thereof, under acidic conditions, to obtain a treated aluminosilicate; and b) calcining the treated aluminosilicate, to obtain the catalyst.