Abstract: An electrode including metal oxides and a plurality of 12CaO.7Al2O3 particles, a method of preparing the electrode, an electronic device including the electrode, and, in particular, an organic light emitting device including the electrode. The electrode has low resistance, high optical transmittance, and a low work function.

Abstract: An electrode including metal oxides and a plurality of 12CaO.7Al2O3 particles, a method of preparing the electrode, an electronic device including the electrode, and, in particular, an organic light emitting device including the electrode. The electrode has low resistance, high optical transmittance, and a low work function.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical fiber for transmitting ultraviolet ray which has an improve transmittance and is prevented from deterioration by ultraviolet ray with which it is irradiated. It is another object of the present invention to provide an optical fiber probe which can propagate vacuum ultraviolet ray and deep ultraviolet ray at a high transmittance, is deteriorated only to a limited extent when irradiated with ultraviolet ray and can be etched to have a desired shape of the sharpened section at the fiber end. The present invention provides the optical fiber for transmitting ultraviolet ray which has a core 5 of silica glass containing a given content of fluorine and a clad 6a of silica glass containing a given content of fluorine or boron, a clad 6b of a resin which transmits ultraviolet ray or a clad 6c having air holes H. The clad may be coated with a protective layer and further with a covered layer for protection.