Abstract: An inventive light-emitting apparatus comprises an array of multiple light-emitting pixels, and one or more transmissive optical elements positioned at a light-emitting surface of the light-emitting pixel array. One or more of the light-emitting pixels is defective. Each optical element is positioned at a location of a corresponding defective light-emitting pixel, and extends over that defective pixel and laterally at least partly over one or more adjacent pixels. Each optical element transmits laterally at least a portion of light emitted by the adjacent pixels to propagate away from the array from the location of the defective pixel, reducing the appearance of the defective pixel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed herein that enable an infrastructure service to route messages to various servers, even if the servers are not addressed by individual public network addresses. The infrastructure service distributed messages by processing a portion of the message through a hash function. By utilizing a reverse hash process, a server can determine a custom port number that will cause the hash algorithm to route a reply message directly to the selected server even when addressed to a communal address.

Abstract: An LED device comprises a mesa comprising semiconductor layers, the semiconductor layers including an N-type layer, an active layer, and a P-type layer, the mesa having a top surface and at least one side wall, the at least one side wall defining a trench have a bottom surface. A transparent conductive layer is on at least one side wall and in the trench. A cathode layer is in the trench on the transparent conductive layer. A p-type contact is on the top surface of the mesa. In some embodiments, a spacer layer is formed between the transparent conductive layer and the cathode layer. In other embodiments, a distributed Bragg reflector is formed between the transparent conductive layer and the cathode layer.

Abstract: An LED device comprises a mesa comprising semiconductor layers, the semiconductor layers including an N-type layer, an active layer, and a P-type layer, the mesa having a top surface and at least one side wall, the at least one side wall defining a trench have a bottom surface. A transparent conductive layer is on at least one side wall and in the trench. A cathode layer is in the trench on the transparent conductive layer. A p-type contact is on the top surface of the mesa. In some embodiments, a spacer layer is formed between the transparent conductive layer and the cathode layer. In other embodiments, a distributed Bragg reflector is formed between the transparent conductive layer and the cathode layer.

Abstract: An LED device comprises a mesa comprising semiconductor layers, the semiconductor layers including an N-type layer, an active layer, and a P-type layer, the mesa having a top surface and at least one side wall, the at least one side wall defining a trench have a bottom surface. A transparent conductive layer is on at least one side wall and in the trench. A cathode layer is in the trench on the transparent conductive layer. A p-type contact is on the top surface of the mesa. In some embodiments, a spacer layer is formed between the transparent conductive layer and the cathode layer. In other embodiments, a distributed Bragg reflector is formed between the transparent conductive layer and the cathode layer.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) device comprises a plurality of pixels on a backplane, each pixel comprising: semiconductor layers, which include an N-type layer, an active region, and a P-type layer; a cathode electrically contacting the N-type layer; an anode comprising anode segments electrically contacting respective portions of the P-type layer; one or more dielectric materials insulating: the active region and the P-type layer from the cathode, the anode segments from each other, and the anode segments from the cathode; and a plurality of interconnects, each respective interconnect affixing a respective anode segment to the backplane. Methods of making and use the devices are also provided.

Abstract: LED arrays comprise patterned reflective grids that enhance the contrast ratio between adjacent pixels or adjacent groups of pixels in the array. The pattern on the reflective grid may also improve adhesion between the reflective grid and one or more layers of material disposed on and attached to the reflective grid. The reflective grid may be formed, for example, as a reflective metal grid, a grid of dielectric reflectors, or a grid of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). If formed as a metal grid, the reflective grid may provide electrical contact to one side of the LED diode junctions. This specification also discloses fabrication processes for such LED arrays.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed herein that enable an infrastructure service to route messages to various servers, even if the servers are not addressed by individual public network addresses. The infrastructure service distributed messages by processing a portion of the message through a hash function. By utilizing a reverse hash process, a server can determine a custom port number that will cause the hash algorithm to route a reply message directly to the selected server even when addressed to a communal address.

Abstract: An inventive light-emitting apparatus comprises an array of multiple light-emitting pixels, and one or more transmissive optical elements positioned at a light-emitting surface of the light-emitting pixel array. One or more of the light-emitting pixels is defective. Each optical element is positioned at a location of a corresponding defective light-emitting pixel, and extends over that defective pixel and laterally at least partly over one or more adjacent pixels. Each optical element transmits laterally at least a portion of light emitted by the adjacent pixels to propagate away from the array from the location of the defective pixel, reducing the appearance of the defective pixel.

Abstract: A replication of a physical network is created in the cloud. The replicated network safely validates configuration changes for any hardware network device of the physical network and the physical network end state resulting from the changes without impacting the physical network steady state. The replicated network creates virtual machines on hardware resources provisioned from the cloud. The virtual machines emulate network device functionality and have the same addressing as the network devices. Nested overlay networks reproduce the direct connectivity that exists between different pairs of the network devices on the virtual machines. A first overlay network formed by a first Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) provides direct logical connections between the cloud machines on which the virtual machines execute.

Abstract: A replication of a physical network is created in the cloud. The replicated network safely validates configuration changes for any hardware network device of the physical network and the physical network end state resulting from the changes without impacting the physical network steady state. The replicated network creates virtual machines on hardware resources provisioned from the cloud. The virtual machines emulate network device functionality and have the same addressing as the network devices. Nested overlay networks reproduce the direct connectivity that exists between different pairs of the network devices on the virtual machines. A first overlay network formed by a first Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) provides direct logical connections between the cloud machines on which the virtual machines execute.

Abstract: A replication of a physical network is created in the cloud. The replicated network safely validates configuration changes for any hardware network device of the physical network and the physical network end state resulting from the changes without impacting the physical network steady state. The replicated network creates virtual machines on hardware resources provisioned from the cloud. The virtual machines emulate network device functionality and have the same addressing as the network devices. Nested overlay networks reproduce the direct connectivity that exists between different pairs of the network devices on the virtual machines. A first overlay network formed by a first Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) provides direct logical connections between the cloud machines on which the virtual machines execute.

Abstract: A replication of a physical network is created in the cloud. The replicated network safely validates configuration changes for any hardware network device of the physical network and the physical network end state resulting from the changes without impacting the physical network steady state. The replicated network creates virtual machines on hardware resources provisioned from the cloud. The virtual machines emulate network device functionality and have the same addressing as the network devices. Nested overlay networks reproduce the direct connectivity that exists between different pairs of the network devices on the virtual machines. A first overlay network formed by a first Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) provides direct logical connections between the cloud machines on which the virtual machines execute.

Abstract: A replication of a physical network is created in the cloud. The replicated network safely validates configuration changes for any hardware network device of the physical network and the physical network end state resulting from the changes without impacting the physical network steady state. The replicated network creates virtual machines on hardware resources provisioned from the cloud. The virtual machines emulate network device functionality and have the same addressing as the network devices. Nested overlay networks reproduce the direct connectivity that exists between different pairs of the network devices on the virtual machines. A first overlay network formed by a first Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) provides direct logical connections between the cloud machines on which the virtual machines execute.

Abstract: Some embodiments set forth a control message header rewriting methodology. Incoming packets are inspected to identify control messages. Each control message is then inspected to determine whether it originates from a client engaged in a session with a server or from an intermediary node along the path connecting the client and the server. The determination is predicated on a comparison of the addressing provided in the control message header and the addressing provided in the offending packet header, wherein the offending packet is the packet that triggers the intermediary node to issue the control message. If the addressing differs, the header addressing of control message is rewritten using the header addressing of the offending packet. Otherwise, a session table lookup is performed to identify which session the control message is directed to based in part on a hash of the control message header addressing.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a transport session discovery protocol that enables load balancing devices of an Anycast reliant distributed platform to route legacy control messages to destinations within the distributed platform that manage the sessions or connections implicated by the legacy control messages, even when the implicated sessions or connections cannot be directly identified from the control message headers. The modified load balancing operation as a result of the transport session discovery protocol involves identifying a message header mapping to an unrecognized session or connection, extracting session or connection identifying information and an error or condition from the message body, generating a new messaging construct to encapsulate the extracted information, and multicasting the messaging construct to other load balancing devices operating within a common point-of-presence.

Abstract: A test network is provided to test updates to configurations and resources of a distributed platform and to warm servers prior to their deployment in the distributed platform. The test network tests and warms using real-time production traffic of the distributed platform in a manner that does not impact users or performance of the distributed platform. At least one distributed platform caching server passes content requests that it receives to the test network using a connectionless protocol. The test network includes a test server that is loaded with any of a configuration or resource under test or whose cache is to be loaded prior to the server's deployment into the distributed platform. The test network also includes a replay server that receives the requests from the caching server, distributes the requests to the test server, and monitors the test server responses.

Abstract: Some embodiments set forth a control message header rewriting methodology. Incoming packets are inspected to identify control messages. Each control message is then inspected to determine whether it originates from a client engaged in a session with a server or from an intermediary node along the path connecting the client and the server. The determination is predicated on a comparison of the addressing provided in the control message header and the addressing provided in the offending packet header, wherein the offending packet is the packet that triggers the intermediary node to issue the control message. If the addressing differs, the header addressing of control message is rewritten using the header addressing of the offending packet. Otherwise, a session table lookup is performed to identify which session the control message is directed to based in part on a hash of the control message header addressing.

Abstract: Some embodiments set forth a control message header rewriting methodology. Incoming packets are inspected to identify control messages. Each control message is then inspected to determine whether it originates from a client engaged in a session with a server or from an intermediary node along the path connecting the client and the server. The determination is predicated on a comparison of the addressing provided in the control message header and the addressing provided in the offending packet header, wherein the offending packet is the packet that triggers the intermediary node to issue the control message. If the addressing differs, the header addressing of control message is rewritten using the header addressing of the offending packet. Otherwise, a session table lookup is performed to identify which session the control message is directed to based in part on a hash of the control message header addressing.

Abstract: A test network is provided to test updates to configurations and resources of a distributed platform and to warm servers prior to their deployment in the distributed platform. The test network tests and warms using real-time production traffic of the distributed platform in a manner that does not impact users or performance of the distributed platform. At least one distributed platform caching server passes content requests that it receives to the test network using a connectionless protocol. The test network includes a test server that is loaded with any of a configuration or resource under test or whose cache is to be loaded prior to the server's deployment into the distributed platform. The test network also includes a replay server that receives the requests from the caching server, distributes the requests to the test server, and monitors the test server responses.