Abstract: Disclosed approaches for optimizing netlist loops include associating loop optimization methods with loop patterns in a computer memory. A circuit design can be synthesized into a netlist, and netlist loops that conform to the loop patterns can be identified. For each matching netlist loop, a loop optimization method associated with the loop pattern to which the netlist loop conforms can be selected. For each netlist loop, the loop optimization method associated with the loop pattern to which the netlist loop conforms can be performed to modify logic of the netlist loop in the netlist.

Abstract: A therapeutic dosage form includes a pharmaceutically active ingredient, a crosslinked polyacid, and a linear polyacids. The crosslinked polyacid is insoluble in water, and the linear polyacid is soluble in water. An example of a crosslinked polyacids is sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The linear polyacid possesses sufficient binding sites to form a stable complex with the pharmaceutically active ingredient. An example of a linear polyacid is polymethacrylic acid. The ingredients are formed into a tablet or capsule, either admixed, in layers, or separated by a coating. Abuse is deterred in that crushing causes the active ingredient to be bound and not abusable, and placing the dosage in solution causes a strong complex to be formed between the polyacid and the active ingredient, including a solution with ethanol.

Abstract: Abuse-resistant therapeutic pharmaceutical formulations include a cationic drug and at least one anionic polymer. Particular arrangements of the cationic drug and the at least one anionic polymer prevent the cationic drug from being extracted from the formulations in solvents and conditions commonly used by drug abusers attempting to isolate the cationic drug from its formulation.

Abstract: The invention enables the formation of prescription drugs less likely to be abused. Different approaches are employed that can potentially deter abuse by reducing the efficacy of main processes utilized by abusers to speed drug absorption and enhance its effect. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention incorporate one or more of the following elements: super water-absorbency, alcohol absorption, organic binding agents, inorganic binding agents, adsorption, and tough platforms. These compositions function by preventing the isolation and concentration of drug constituents for misuse and/or preventing excessive intake. Thus, the invention encompasses various compositions and methods for reducing abuse of pharmaceutical products and alcohol.

Abstract: A therapeutic dosage form includes a pharmaceutically active ingredient, a crosslinked polyacid, and a linear polyacids. The crosslinked polyacid is insoluble in water, and the linear polyacid is soluble in water. The linear polyacid possesses sufficient binding sites to form a stable complex with the pharmaceutically active ingredient. The ingredients are formed into a tablet or capsule, either admixed, in layers, or separated by a coating. Abuse is deterred in that crushing causes the active ingredient to be bound and not abusable, and placing the dosage in solution causes a strong complex to be formed between the polyacid and the active ingredient, including a solution with ethanol. Other therapeutic dosage forms for reducing the incidence of tampering and abuse of pharmaceutical products and alcohol, and specifically preventing the isolation and concentration of drug constituents for misuse, and preventing excessive intake are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention features modified superporous hydrogels (SPHs) and methods for their formation. The SPHs of the present invention are prepared by careful selection of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic reactive ingredients and by harmonizing the foaming and polymerization reactions, which results in the formation of SPHs having a homogeneous structure and favorable physical and mechanical properties, including swelling, strength, ruggedness, and resiliency. The SPHs of the present invention are particularly useful when employed in very harsh swelling environments, such as the low pH environment of the gastric fluid of the stomach, for extended periods of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for preparing superporous hydrogels (SPH) that are very-pure and have desirable swelling properties necessary for commercial use, such as in food and pharmaceutical applications. Such methods include simultaneous use of low and high glass transition monomers to improve impurity and swelling profiles of the SPH, use of an integration means to prepare a very homogenous superporous hydrogel foam, washing the superporous hydrogel in a washing solution comprising different ratios of solvent to non-solvent (e.g., water/alcohol), use of a chemically-induced expansion/contraction process to enhance the efficiency of the multiple washing process and to fully structuralize the SPH, and employing one or more separation techniques, such as rubbing, filtration, centrifugation, compression and cutting to increase the efficiency of the purification process and to enhance the SPH swelling properties.

Abstract: The present invention features modified superporous hydrogels (SPHs) and methods for their formation. The SPHs of the present invention are prepared by careful selection of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic reactive ingredients and by harmonizing the foaming and polymerization reactions, which results in the formation of SPHs having a homogeneous structure and favorable physical and mechanical properties, including swelling, strength, ruggedness, and resiliency. The SPHs of the present invention are particularly useful when employed in very harsh swelling environments, such as the low pH environment of the gastric fluid of the stomach, for extended periods of time.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for the formation of superporous hydrogels using an ion-equilibration technique. Anionic polysaccharides are included in the hydrogel reaction mixture and cations are introduced either during or after hydrogel formation. Properties of the resulting hydrogel can be subsequently adjusted by treating the cation-complexed gel with a different cation or cation mixture under equilibrating conditions. It has been found that by properly adjusting the cations and the sequence in which they are used in the equilibration process, superporous hydrogels can be formed that are highly absorbent while maintaining favorable structural properties, including strength, ruggedness, and resiliency. It has also been found that applying appropriate dehydration conditions to them after their formation can further stabilize the superporous hydrogels formed by the method of the invention.

Abstract: Hydrogels having improved elasticity and mechanical strength properties are obtained by subjecting a hydrogel formulation containing a strengthening agent to chemical or physical crosslinking conditions subsequent to initial gel formation. Superporous hydrogels having improved elasticity and mechanical strength properties are similarly obtained whenever the hydrogel formulation is provided with a foaming agent. Interpenetrating networks of polymer chains comprised of primary polymer(s) and strengthening polymer(s) are thereby formed. The primary polymer affords capillary-based water sorption properties while the strengthening polymer imparts significantly enhanced mechanical strength and elasticity to the hydrogel or superporous hydrogel. Suitable strengthening agents can be natural or synthetic polymers, polyelectrolytes, or neutral, hydrophilic polymers.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for the formation of superporous hydrogels using an ion-equilibration technique. Anionic polysaccharides are included in the hydrogel reaction mixture and cations are introduced either during or after hydrogel formation. Properties of the resulting hydrogel can be subsequently adjusted by treating the cation-complexed gel with a different cation or cation mixture under equilibrating conditions. It has been found that by properly adjusting the cations and the sequence in which they are used in the equilibration process, superporous hydrogels can be formed that are highly absorbent while maintaining favorable structural properties, including strength, ruggedness, and resiliency. It has also been found that applying appropriate dehydration conditions to them after their formation can further stabilize the superporous hydrogels formed by the method of the invention.

Abstract: Hydrogels having improved elasticity and mechanical strength properties are obtained by subjecting a hydrogel formulation containing a strengthening agent to chemical or physical crosslinking conditions subsequent to initial gel formation. Superporous hydrogels having improved elasticity and mechanical strength properties are similarly obtained whenever the hydrogel formulation is provided with a foaming agent. Interpenetrating networks of polymer chains comprised of primary polymer(s) and strengthening polymer(s) are thereby formed. The primary polymer affords capillary-based water sorption properties while the strengthening polymer imparts significantly enhanced mechanical strength and elasticity to the hydrogel or superporous hydrogel. Suitable strengthening agents can be natural or synthetic polymers, polyelectrolytes, or neutral, hydrophilic polymers.