Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for shock absorption are provided herein. Collapsible shock absorption devices have an inner wall having at least one orifice, an outer wall, and a fluid sealed within the outer wall can mitigate sharp increases in force during loading and can better distribute loading forces. In some cases, collapsible shock absorption devices disclosed herein are used for prevention of injury to a biological tissue of a subject or damage to an inanimate object.

Abstract: Multi-speed transmission for electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce the size of the electric motor and provide an appropriate balance between efficiency and dynamic performance. Currently used multi-speed transmissions for EVs were initially designed for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Since ICEs cannot operate below certain speeds and their speed control during gear changes is not an easy task, the presence of clutches or torque convertors is inevitable for start-ups, idle running and gear changing. This, however, is not the case for EVs as electric motors are speed controllable in a wide range of operating speeds. Accordingly, transmissions without clutches or torque converters are established for EVs.

Abstract: Multi-speed transmission for electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce the size of the electric motor and provide an appropriate balance between efficiency and dynamic performance. Currently used multi-speed transmissions for EVs were initially designed for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Since ICEs cannot operate below certain speeds and their speed control during gear changes is not an easy task, the presence of clutches or torque convertors is inevitable for start-ups, idle running and gear changing. This, however, is not the case for EVs as electric motors are speed controllable in a wide range of operating speeds. Accordingly, transmissions without clutches or torque converters are established for EVs.