Abstract: A method for garbage collecting for non-volatile memories are disclosed. The method includes steps: a) providing a SSD, connected to a host, containing a plurality of TLC blocks and SLC blocks; b) reading 3M TLC pages in a TLC block having data; c) moving valid data in the TLC blocks to at least one clean TLC block; d) sending a host program command of 1 page to the host; e) repeating step b) to step d) until valid data in 8 TLC blocks are moved; f) reading 1 SLC page in a SLC block having data; g) moving valid data in the SLC block to the at least one clean TLC block; h) sending a host program command of ? page to the host; and i) repeating step f) to step h) until valid data in the SLC block having data are moved.

Abstract: A method for garbage collecting for non-volatile memories are disclosed. The method includes steps: a) providing a SSD, connected to a host, containing a plurality of TLC blocks and SLC blocks; b) reading 3M TLC pages in a TLC block having data; c) moving valid data in the TLC blocks to at least one clean TLC block; d) sending a host program command of 1 page to the host; e) repeating step b) to step d) until valid data in 8 TLC blocks are moved; f) reading 1 SLC page in a SLC block having data; g) moving valid data in the SLC block to the at least one clean TLC block; h) sending a host program command of ? page to the host; and i) repeating step f) to step h) until valid data in the SLC block having data are moved.

Abstract: A method and a system for determining bit values in a non-volatile memory having a number of cells each for storing a bit value are disclosed. The method includes the steps of: a) providing a first test sensing voltage to the cells and calculating a cell count; b) providing another test sensing voltage to the cells and calculating a difference of the cell counts between this step and previous step; c) providing still another test sensing voltage and calculating another difference of the cell counts between this step and previous step; d) processing step c) for N times; e) calculating differential amounts of cell counts and assigning an index number to each group of cells; f) choosing a voltage as an updated sensing voltage.

Abstract: A method and a controller for recovering data in event of a program failure and a storage system using the method and the controller are disclosed. The controller includes main units of a parity generator, a volatile memory module and a processor. With a parity in the volatile memory module and successfully programmed sub-data, a program failed write data can be recovered and correctly programmed. The method of the present invention has advantages of saving use of storage resources and extending lifetime of the storage system than other methods for recovering data in event of a program failure.

Abstract: A SSD and a method for reducing use of DRAM in the SSD are disclosed. The method includes the steps of: A. providing a referring table in a DRAM module of a SSD; B. providing a logical-to-physical address table in the DRAM module; C. receiving a command for accessing a target data in a target logical address of the SSD; D. checking if one physical address is stored in the logical-to-physical address table; E. executing the command by using the mapping data in the subgroup or copying a corresponding subgroup including one mapping data for the target logical address from the mapping table to the DRAM module via the referring table; and; and F. adding a target physical address of the DRAM module where the mapping data for the target logical address is stored to the logical-to-physical address table so that the target logical address is able to correspond thereto.

Abstract: A SSD and a method for reducing use of DRAM in the SSD are disclosed. The method includes the steps of: A. providing a referring table in a DRAM module of a SSD; B. providing a logical-to-physical address table in the DRAM module; C. receiving a command for accessing a target data in a target logical address of the SSD; D. checking if one physical address is stored in the logical-to-physical address table; E. executing the command by using the mapping data in the subgroup or copying a corresponding subgroup including one mapping data for the target logical address from the mapping table to the DRAM module via the referring table; and; and F. adding a target physical address of the DRAM module where the mapping data for the target logical address is stored to the logical-to-physical address table so that the target logical address is able to correspond thereto.

Abstract: A method for maintaining a storage mapping table. An access interface is directed to read a group mapping table from the last page of a block of a storage unit. The block is allocated to store data of a plurality of groups, each group stores information indicating which location in the storage unit stores data of an LBA (Logical Block Address) range, and the group mapping table stores information indicating which unit of the block stores the latest data of each group. The group mapping table is stored in a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). The access interface is directed to read data of each group from the storage unit according to the group mapping table. The data of each group is stored in a specified location of a storage mapping table of the DRAM.

Abstract: A method and a controller for recovering data in event of a program failure and a storage system using the method and the controller are disclosed. The controller includes main units of a parity generator, a volatile memory module and a processor. With a parity in the volatile memory module and successfully programmed sub-data, a program failed write data can be recovered and correctly programmed. The method of the present invention has advantages of saving use of storage resources and extending lifetime of the storage system than other methods for recovering data in event of a program failure.

Abstract: A method for maintaining a storage mapping table. An access interface is directed to read a group mapping table from the last page of a block of a storage unit. The block is allocated to store data of a plurality of groups, each group stores information indicating which location in the storage unit stores data of an LBA (Logical Block Address) range, and the group mapping table stores information indicating which unit of the block stores the latest data of each group. The group mapping table is stored in a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). The access interface is directed to read data of each group from the storage unit according to the group mapping table. The data of each group is stored in a specified location of a storage mapping table of the DRAM.