Abstract: Relay contacts operate with a snap action when disclosed electronic waveforms, profile its coil current. Snap action reduces the prolonged low pressure that damages relay contacts. This means of driving the relay coil also reverses the properties of its voltage and current. Coil voltage now varies with movement of its armature, frame current, coil resistance, back-EMF, and temperature. Coil current follows a profile that is stable and independent of these changing electrical, mechanical, and environmental factors. Since coil voltage has no direct magnetic or mechanical effect its changes do not affect relay operation. However the relays new stable current profile has a dramatic affect. It moves, makes, breaks and seats predictably, regardless of its temperature, residual magnetism, or mechanical wear. Power-line synchronization means takes advantage of this new stability, concentrating on the position and pressure of the contact.

Abstract: This invention discloses an electronic control system for an Industrial Motor Operator that uses standard steady state logic to improve reliability in rough service wet and dirty environments. It includes means of providing electronic snow limit to close limit sensing removing the need for two switches and radically improving its accuracy. A low voltage switch reverses the high voltage motor wires and at the same time reverses the open limit, close limit, and snow limit sensors mechanical positions. It discloses a system using lamps to indicate that the power wiring is connecting to three-phase motors in the correct sequence or that single-phase motors have their windings correctly phased.

Abstract: This invention discloses an electronic control system for an Industrial Motor Operator that uses standard steady state logic to improve reliability in rough service wet and dirty environments. It includes means of providing electronic snow limit to close limit sensing removing the need for two switches and radically improving its accuracy. A low voltage switch reverses the high voltage motor wires and at the same time reverses the open limit, close limit, and snow limit sensors mechanical positions. It discloses a system using lamps to indicate that the power wiring is connecting to three-phase motors in the correct sequence or that single-phase motors have their windings correctly phased.

Abstract: A one wire interface for optical emitter-detectors is disclosed that is fail-safe, simple, and includes diagnostics, noise and static protection. Two indicator lamps are used for diagnostics indicating four conditions; a) Ready, b) Not Connected, c) Blocked Beam, d) No power. This allows single or two conductor systems to have the same troubleshooting information as the 4-wire systems.

Abstract: A simple non-moving passive electric probe detects the height of a solution along its surface. Liquid resistance and thin water films are disregarded and setting of the liquid level is accomplished electronically without moving the probe. An output signal proportional to the height of a solution along the probe length is provided. Means are disclosed electrically pierce though oil films, soap foams or grease layers that can coat a probe, preventing contact with the solution. The system will sense distilled water, city water, sewage, wine, milk, soda, juice, alcohol, latex paint or any other water based solutions.

Abstract: A one wire interface for optical emitter-detectors is disclosed that is fail-safe, simple, and includes diagnostics, noise and static protection. Two indicator lamps are used for diagnostics indicating four conditions; a) Ready, b) Not Connected, c) Blocked Beam, d) No power. This allows single or two conductor systems to have the same troubleshooting information as the 4-wire systems.