Abstract: The arrangement and selection of digital content to present to a user can be based upon criteria such as profitability or interest to a user. The selection can also be made to ensure that a diversity of item content is presented. The selection can utilize various rules or policies for diversity at the category level or item feature level, among other such options. In addition to selection diversity, the placement of item content displayed can satisfy various diversity criteria in order to ensure diversity of display as well.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a rubber composition comprising a rubber and particulate kaolin clay as a filler wherein: the kaolin particles have a particle size distribution such that at least about 95% of the particles, relative to the volume of the particles, have a particle diameter less than 3?m. The particulate kaolin particles may comprise calcined kaolin chosen from at least one of particulate soak calcined kaolin and particulate flash calcined kaolin. The rubber composition can comprise additional particulate fillers including those chosen from silica, carbon black, and other particulate fillers. Also disclosed herein is a process for producing such a composition, and the method of using a cured form of the composition in a rubber composition, such as a vehicle tire composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a rubber composition comprising a rubber and particulate kaolin clay as a filler wherein: the kaolin particles have a particle size distribution such that at least about 95% of the particles, relative to the volume of the particles, have a particle diameter less than 3 ?m. The particulate kaolin particles may comprise calcined kaolin chosen from at least one of particulate soak calcined kaolin and particulate flash calcined kaolin. The rubber composition can comprise additional particulate fillers including those chosen from silica, carbon black, and other particulate fillers. Also disclosed herein is a process for producing such a composition, and the method of using a cured form of the composition in a rubber composition, such as a vehicle tire composition.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer composition comprising a polymer resin and, as opacifier, a flash calcined kaolin clay filler and a TiO2. The polymer composition may be formed into shaped articles, particularly polyolefin film.

Abstract: A novel particulate clay material which is surface-modified with at least one organic compound comprising an organic portion such as an alkyl group and a basic portion such as an amine group has been found to be surprisingly useful as a filler material for a polymer composition, and especially a flame retardant polymer composition. The composition preferably further contains alumina trihydrate (ATH) and/or another flame retardant.

Abstract: A flame retardant polymer composition having acceptable char strength and optionally also drip resistance comprises a polymer and a particulate clay mineral distributed in the polymer composition at a particle number per unit volume of at least about 1 particle per 100 ?m3, provided that the clay mineral present at the said particle number per unit volume is not an organomontmorillonite. The composition preferably further contains alumina trihydrate (ATH) and/or another flame retardant.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer composition comprising a polymer resin and, as opacifier, a flash calcined kaolin clay filler and a TiO2. The polymer composition may be formed into shaped articles, particularly polyolefin film.

Abstract: The invention provides the use of a particulate kaolin clay which: (i) has a particle size distribution such that at least about 95% by volume of the particles have a particle diameter less than 3 &mgr;m, and/or (ii) is selected from a particulate soak calcined kaolin, a particulate flash calcined kaolin, and any mixture thereof; as a filler, optionally in combination with silica and/or carbon black and/or other particulate filler, in a rubber composition, more particularly a truck or passenger tyre tread rubber composition.

Abstract: A gap soliton can be controlled by introducing a perturbation into a waveguide structure that includes an otherwise essentially periodic variation of its refractive index. In one embodiment of our invention, by controlling the amplitude, phase and/or average value of the refractive index of a first perturbation, and by maintaining the speed of the soliton below a certain critical speed, we have found that the soliton will transfer its energy to the modes of the perturbation. When the soliton transfers essentially all of its energy in this way, we refer to the soliton as being trapped or captured by the perturbation. Trapped gap solitons enable a variety of unique system applications in, for example, memories, buffers, switches and WDM demultiplexers.

Abstract: The invention provides the use of near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy as an analysis, control and/or monitoring aid in the industrial processing of inorganic particulate materials such as hydrous kaolin, calcined kaolin, chemically aggregated kaolin, feldspar, silica, magnesia, aluminium silicate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, etc. A physical or chemical property of interest (e.g. the amount of stearic acid or dispersant coated on the particles) is assessed using the NIR spectrum, by reference to data (e.g. calibration data obtained from an analagous material) relating the NIR spectrum of the inorganic particulate material to the physical or chemical property of interest.

Abstract: A gap soliton can be controlled by introducing a perturbation into a waveguide structure that includes an otherwise essentially periodic variation of its refractive index. In one embodiment of our invention, by controlling the amplitude, phase and/or average value of the refractive index of a first perturbation, and by maintaining the speed of the soliton below a certain critical speed, we have found that the soliton will transfer its energy to the modes of the perturbation. When the soliton transfers essentially all of its energy in this way, we refer to the soliton as being trapped or captured by the perturbation. Surprisingly, the soliton can be trapped without loss of a significant amount of its energy. In an alternative embodiment, when the speed of the soliton exceeds the critical speed, a second perturbation is introduced into the waveguide structure to reduce the speed of the soliton, thereby enabling its capture by the first perturbation.

Abstract: A process for producing a transgenic mouse which contains and expresses the human insulin hormone gene. The insulin gene is expressed only in the pancreas of the transgenic mouse and is regulated by glucose, glucagon, or other insulin affectors in a manner which is indistinguishable from that of normal mice. Progeny of the trangenic mice inherit the human insulin gene in a Mendelian manner, with approximately 50% of the mice of each litter expressing the human insulin gene. The weights of the transgenic mice, growth rate, feeding behavior, reproductive capability, and longevity appear indistinguishable from normal mice. The mice are useful for studies of pharmacokinetics of insulin expression and for investigations of possible drug interactions with glucose homeostasis.

Abstract: A method of improving the strength and/or plasticity of a clay composition comprising a kandite clay and an organic additive comprising at least one water soluble compound having a plurality of basic groups wherein the organic additive is present in an amount of from about 0.05% by weight to about 0.5% by weight based on the dry weight of the kandite clay present, which method comprises treating the kandite clay by adding thereto a monovalent ion activated smectite clay or a monovalent ion activating agent for a smectite clay or both whereby the amount of monovalent ion activated non-calcined smectite clay present in the clay composition is adjusted to be in the range from about 1% by weight to about 5% by weight based upon the dry weight of the kandite clay present.

Abstract: Disclosed is substantially pure DNA encoding a crucifer ACC synthase polypeptide; a promoter functional in immature plant tissues which is capable of ethylene induction; and methods of using such promoters to express recombinant proteins or RNA and to regulate ethylene-inducible events of a plant, e.g., fruit ripening or senescence, especially during early stages of plant development.

Abstract: A fishing reel of simple mechanical design includes an electrical drive motor, a drive shaft coupled to the electrical drive motor, and a cylindrical reel member mounted on the drive shaft. The cylindrical reel member includes a circumferential slot cut into the reel member at an angle to a centerline of the reel. An outer housing is also preferably provided to enclose the cylindrical reel member.

Abstract: A fishing reel of simple design that includes a cylindrical outer housing, a cylindrical inner housing including a roller slot formed at an angle to an axis passing through the center of the inner housing, a slide bar for mounting the inner housing within the outer housing while permitting the reciprocal movement of the inner housing, a drive shaft including a roller rotatably coupled to a main body of the drive shaft, an electric motor coupled to a first end of the drive shaft, and a reel releasably mounted on a second end of the drive shaft. The roller is fitted within the roller slot of the inner housing and contacts at least one rolling surface of the roller slot as the drive shaft is rotated by the electric motor, thereby causing the reciprocal movement of the inner housing within the outer housing.

Abstract: Particles containing enzyme or optical brightener in a mixture with particles containing peroxy bleach, surfactant or builder stabilized during storage by coating the former and/or the latter particles with clay, e.g. bentonite.

Abstract: There is provided an elastomeric composition including a kaolinitic clay mineral filler, characterised in that said kaolinitic clay mineral (a) is a hydrous kaolinitic clay mineral which has a content of non-exchangeable alkali metal cations not exceeding 10,000 ppm (parts by weight per million parts by weight of dry clay) and a content of exchangeable alkali metal cations not exceeding 750 ppm or (b) is a calcined kaolinitic clay mineral prepared by calcining a hydrous kaolinitic clay mineral having a content of non-exchangeable alkali metal cations not exceeding 10,000 ppm and a content of exchangeable alkali metal cations not exceeding 750 ppm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mutant glutamine synthetase (GS) enzyme which is resistant to inhibition by herbicidal GS inhibitors, such as phosphinothricin (PPT), genetic sequences coding therefor, plants cells and prokaryotes transformed with the genetic sequences, and herbicidal GS inhibitor-resistant plant cells and plants.

Abstract: There is disclosed a particulate inorganic material, suitable for use in a detergent composition, comprising base granules of a smectite clay coated with a white inorganic material. Also disclosed is a detergent composition comprising a particulate inorganic material and a process for making the particulate inorganic material.