Abstract: Useful products such as molecular hydrogen can be continuously produced by reacting a solution of a substrate in the presence of light with a photometabolically active microbe which has been stabilized on a support. In one embodiment, Rhodospirillium rubrum bacterial cells are mixed with agar gel and the mixture is spread over a plate which is placed in a transparent flow-through reactor. Then, an aqueous malate solution is passed through the reactor under essentially anaerobic conditions in the presence of light to yield molecular hydrogen. In another embodiment, Blue-Green algae are similarly stabilized for continuous biophotolysis of water by oxidizing the water and reducing NADP to NADPH. Other photosystems for producing useful products are disclosed.

Abstract: Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD) can be coupled chemically to an essentially water-insoluble carrier material selected from the group consisting of glass particles having a diazotizable silane coupling agent attached thereto, p-aminobenzylcellulose, polyaminopolystyrene, and the half amide of benzidine-carboxymethylcellulose by diazotizing the carrier materials and reacting the diazotized materials with a solution of NAD. Methods of chemically coupling the NAD to such carriers are disclosed and the redox activity of NAD coupled to porous glass beads through an intermediate silane coupling agent is demonstrated.

Abstract: Bacterial cells (Streptomyces sp.) having glucose isomerase activity can be aggregated with an aqueous solution of tetrazotized benzidine and used as an immobilized enzyme system for the isomerization of dextrose (glucose) to levulose (fructose).