Abstract: A method for controlling an electric motor is described herein. The method comprises setting a current limit, a speed limit and a torque limit. The method also comprises sensing a DC link current, comparing the sensed DC link current with the current limit and adjusting the torque limit based on the comparison with the current limit to provide an adjusted torque limit. The method also comprises sensing the speed of the electric motor, comparing the speed with the speed limit and further adjusting the adjusted torque limit based on the comparison with the speed limit.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric motor is described herein. The method includes setting a current limit, a speed limit and a torque limit. The method also includes sensing a DC link current, comparing the sensed DC link current with the current limit and adjusting the torque limit based on the comparison with the current limit to provide an adjusted torque limit. The method also includes sensing the speed of the electric motor, comparing the speed with the speed limit and further adjusting the adjusted torque limit based on the comparison with the speed limit.

Abstract: A method of controlling a switched reluctance motor is disclosed herein. The motor composes a stator carrying a plurality of phase windings and a rotor. The method comprises activating the phase windings in a sequence selected to apply torque to the rotor. Wherein during a cycle of rotation of the rotor the phase windings switch between an active state in which current in the phase winding applies torque to the rotor and an inactive state, applying a voltage to a selected phase winding whilst the selected phase winding is in the inactive state to provide a flux in the selected phase winding: determining the current in the selected phase winding; determining the rotor angle based on the current and the flux, and controlling said activating based on the rotor angle.

Abstract: Methods of measuring chimerism in a biological sample use informative copy number variations (CNV) in genetically distinct cell populations. Chimerism describes the co-existence of cells originating from more than one individual. Assessing CNV polymorphisms in genomic DNA provides a useful in-vitro method of measuring chimerism. The accuracy of the methods can be validated using an internal validation step.

Abstract: A method of controlling a switched reluctance motor is disclosed herein. The motor comprises a stator carrying a plurality of phase windings and a rotor. The method comprises activating the phase windings in a sequence selected to apply torque to the rotor, wherein during a cycle of rotation of the rotor the phase windings switch between an active state in which current in the phase winding applies torque to the rotor and an inactive state; applying a voltage to a selected phase winding whilst the selected phase winding is in the inactive state to provide a flux in the selected phase winding; determining the current in the selected phase winding; determining the rotor angle based on the current and the flux; and controlling said activating based on the rotor angle.

Abstract: An electric motor controller adapted to provide anti-lock braking of an electric traction motor for an electric vehicle is disclosed herein. The electric motor controller comprises a torque demand input for receiving a torque demand input signal based on a request from an operator of the electric vehicle and a torque demand adjuster adapted to adjust the torque demand input signal and to provide an adjusted torque demand signal. The torque demand adjuster is configured to adjust the torque demand signal such that the motor is controlled to reduce the difference between a motor speed and an estimated speed of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: Methods of measuring chimerism in a biological sample use informative copy number variations (CNV) in genetically distinct cell populations. Chimerism describes the co-existence of cells originating from more than one individual. Assessing CNV polymorphisms in genomic DNA provides a useful in-vitro method of measuring chimerism. The accuracy of the methods can be validated using an internal validation step.

Abstract: A method of controlling a switched reluctance motor is disclosed herein. The motor comprises a stator carrying a plurality of phase windings and a rotor. The method comprises activating the phase windings in a sequence selected to apply torque to the rotor, wherein during a cycle of rotation of the rotor the phase windings switch between an active state in which current in the phase winding applies torque to the rotor and an inactive state; applying a voltage to a selected phase winding whilst the selected phase winding is in the inactive state to provide a flux in the selected phase winding; determining the current in the selected phase winding; determining the rotor angle based on the current and the flux; and controlling said activating based on the rotor angle.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an AC power supply for an electric motor, said AC power supply being derived from a DC voltage. The apparatus including a comparer configured to provide a comparison of a modulation index of a motor control signal with a reference value. This current data provider is configured to provide current data based on a torque demand signal; a speed signal indicating the speed of rotation of the AC motor; and an indication of the DC voltage modified on the comparison for control of the motor control signal which is based on the motor current data.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric motor is described herein. The method includes setting a current limit, a speed limit and a torque limit. The method also includes sensing a DC link current, comparing the sensed DC link current with the current limit and adjusting the torque limit based on the comparison with the current limit to provide an adjusted torque limit. The method also includes sensing the speed of the electric motor, comparing the speed with the speed limit and further adjusting the adjusted torque limit based on the comparison with the speed limit.

Abstract: Methods of measuring chimerism in a biological sample use informative copy number variations (CNV) in genetically distinct cell populations. Chimerism describes the co-existence of cells originating from more than one individual. Assessing CNV polymorphisms in genomic DNA provides a useful in-vitro method of measuring chimerism. The accuracy of the methods can be validated using an internal validation step.

Abstract: An electric motor controller adapted to provide anti-lock braking of an electric traction motor for an electric vehicle is disclosed herein. The electric motor controller comprises a torque demand input for receiving a torque demand input signal based on a request from an operator of the electric vehicle and a torque demand adjuster adapted to adjust the torque demand input signal and to provide an adjusted torque demand signal. The torque demand adjuster is configured to adjust the torque demand signal such that the motor is controlled to reduce the difference between a motor speed and an estimated speed of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an AC power supply for an electric motor, said AC power supply being derived from a DC voltage. The apparatus including a comparer configured to provide a comparison of a modulation index of a motor control signal with a reference value. This current data provider is configured to provide current data based on a torque demand signal; a speed signal indicating the speed of rotation of the AC motor; and an indication of the DC voltage modified on the comparison for control of the motor control signal which is based on the motor current data.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an AC power supply for an electric motor, said AC power supply being derived from a DC voltage. The apparatus comprises a comparer configured to provide a comparison of a modulation index of a motor control signal with a reference value. This current data provider is configured to provide current data based on a torque demand signal; a speed signal indicating the speed of rotation of the AC motor; and an indication of the DC voltage modified on the comparison for control of the motor control signal which is based on the motor current data.

Abstract: An electric motor controller having a front face and a rear face, the front face carrying a plurality of AC output couplings and the controller carrying a converter configured to convert a received DC supply into an output AC supply for controlling an electric motor, the AC output couplings being disposed symmetrically about an axis of symmetry of the controller on the front face of the controller. Also described is an apparatus comprising: a DC series motor; and a first current supply configured to supply a first current to an armature of the DC series motor; a second current supply configured to supply a second current to a field winding of the DC series motor; and a controller configured to control the first current supply to supply the first current based on a required torque output for the motor, and to control the second current supply to supply the second current based on the first current.

Abstract: An electric motor controller having a front face and a rear face, the front face carrying a plurality of AC output couplings and the controller carrying a converter configured to convert a received DC supply into an output AC supply for controlling an electric motor, the AC output couplings being disposed symmetrically about an axis of symmetry of the controller on the front face of the controller. Also described is an apparatus comprising: a DC series motor; and a first current supply configured to supply a first current to an armature of the DC series motor; a second current supply configured to supply a second current to a field winding of the DC series motor; and a controller configured to control the first current supply to supply the first current based on a required torque output for the motor, and to control the second current supply to supply the second current based on the first current.

Abstract: An electric motor controller having a front face and a rear face, the front face carrying a plurality of AC output couplings and the controller carrying a converter configured to convert a received DC supply into an output AC supply for controlling an electric motor, the AC output couplings being disposed symmetrically about an axis of symmetry of the controller on the front face of the controller. Also described is an apparatus comprising: a DC series motor; and a first current supply configured to supply a first current to an armature of the DC series motor; a second current supply configured to supply a second current to a field winding of the DC series motor; and a controller configured to control the first current supply to supply the first current based on a required torque output for the motor, and to control the second current supply to supply the second current based on the first current.

Abstract: A method for detection of biological materials is described, comprising allowing a substance to be detected to bind to a ligand provided on the surface of a material within which light can undergo attenuated total internal reflection; transmitting light within the material; and detecting any bound substances by a change in light within or adjacent the material. Apparatus for performing the method is also described. The biological materials may be nucleic acids, or an antibody/antigen combination.

Abstract: We describe an assay device which comprises (a) a substrate comprising: (i) a porous material capable of chromatographically transporting a liquid and (ii) one or more test reagents for an assay provided on the porous material; and (b) a water-impermeable coating polymer attached to the porous material so as to define a continuous bibulous compartment.

Abstract: We describe an assay device which comprises (a) a substrate comprising: (i) a porous material capable of chromatographically transporting a liquid and (ii) one or more test reagents for an assay provided on the porous material; and (b) a water-impermeable coating polymer attached to the porous material so as to define a continuous bibulous compartment.