Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles, size-reducing the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles, size-reducing the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

Abstract: A monolithic tandem electrochromic device, comprising a central transparent conductor ion blocking layer, a first electrochromic multilayer stack arranged on a first surface of the central transparent conductor ion blocking layer, and a second electrochromic multilayer stack arranged on a second surface of the central transparent conductor ion blocking layer is described. The central transparent conductor ion blocking layer can comprise ion conductivities between 10?4 and 10?20 S/cm, and electrical resistivity less than 100 Ohm-cm.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided, comprising: a volatile memory; a non-volatile memory; a first electronic circuit that is configured to operate as a wireless access point, the first electronic circuit including a wireless controller for accessing a wireless network; and a second electronic circuit that is operatively coupled to the first electronic circuit, the second electronic circuit including at least one processor configured to execute: (i) a first virtual machine that includes a wireless network authentication server, and (ii) a second virtual machine that includes a virtual private network (VPN) server, wherein the wireless network authentication server is configured to authenticate devices that attempt to join the wireless network; wherein the VPN server is arranged to encrypt data that is received at the apparatus to produce encrypted data, and forward the encrypted data to the wireless controller for transmission over the wireless network.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided, comprising: a volatile memory; a non-volatile memory; a first electronic circuit that is configured to operate as a wireless access point, the first electronic circuit including a wireless controller for accessing a wireless network; and a second electronic circuit that is operatively coupled to the first electronic circuit, the second electronic circuit including at least one processor configured to execute: (i) a first virtual machine that includes a wireless network authentication server, and (ii) a second virtual machine that includes a virtual private network (VPN) server, wherein the wireless network authentication server is configured to authenticate devices that attempt to join the wireless network; wherein the VPN server is arranged to encrypt data that is received at the apparatus to produce encrypted data, and forward the encrypted data to the wireless controller for transmission over the wireless network.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline cathodic electrochromic particles comprising an alkali metal oxide material, size-reducing the crystalline cathodic electrochromic particles by grinding to produce crystalline cathodic electrochromic nanostructures, providing a substrate, and coating the crystalline cathodic electrochromic nanostructures onto the substrate to produce a thin film, wherein the thin film is an electrochromic thin film.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided, comprising: a volatile memory; a non-volatile memory; a first electronic circuit that is configured to operate as a wireless access point, the first electronic circuit including a wireless controller for accessing a wireless network; and a second electronic circuit that is operatively coupled to the first electronic circuit, the second electronic circuit including at least one processor configured to execute: (i) a first virtual machine that includes a wireless network authentication server, and (ii) a second virtual machine that includes a virtual private network (VPN) server, wherein the wireless network authentication server is configured to authenticate devices that attempt to join the wireless network; wherein the VPN server is arranged to encrypt data that is received at the apparatus to produce encrypted data, and forward the encrypted data to the wireless controller for transmission over the wireless network.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline anodic electrochromic particles, size-reducing the crystalline anodic electrochromic particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline anodic electrochromic nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

Abstract: The current invention describes an electrochromic panel having optimized visual properties. The properties have been optimized to provide an electrochromic panel having a very transparent clear state and a very black and opaque dark state. The coloration of the electrochromic panel has also been optimized to provide options for aesthetically pleasing windows. In one embodiment, the clear state comprises a CIE-Lab L* in transmission from 70 to 95, b* in transmission from ?8 to 8, and a* in transmission from ?4 to 4 and a dark state comprises a Tvis less than 0.01%, a CIE-Lab b* in transmission from ?8 to 8, and a CIE-Lab a* in transmission from ?8 to 8.

Abstract: A monolithic tandem electrochromic device, comprising a central transparent conductor ion blocking layer, a first electrochromic multilayer stack arranged on a first surface of the central transparent conductor ion blocking layer, and a second electrochromic multilayer stack arranged on a second surface of the central transparent conductor ion blocking layer is described. The central transparent conductor ion blocking layer can comprise ion conductivities between 10?4 and 10?20 S/cm, and electrical resistivity less than 100 Ohm-cm.

Abstract: A tiled electrochromic (EC) device comprises a carrier glass, a first EC panel laminated to the carrier glass, a second EC panel laminated to the carrier glass, and a seam between the first EC panel and second EC panel. The first and second EC panels comprise an active area, a clear state and a dark state, and the tiled EC device is capable of switching between a clear state and a dark state.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles, size-reducing the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles, size-reducing the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

Abstract: A tiled electrochromic (EC) device comprises a carrier glass, a first EC panel laminated to the carrier glass, a second EC panel laminated to the carrier glass, and a seam between the first EC panel and second EC panel. The first and second EC panels comprise an active area, a clear state and a dark state, and the tiled EC device is capable of switching between a clear state and a dark state.

Abstract: A monolithic tandem electrochromic device, comprising a central transparent conductor ion blocking layer, a first electrochromic multilayer stack arranged on a first surface of the central transparent conductor ion blocking layer, and a second electrochromic multilayer stack arranged on a second surface of the central transparent conductor ion blocking layer is described. The central transparent conductor ion blocking layer can comprise ion conductivities between 10?4 and 10?20 S/cm, and electrical resistivity less than 100 Ohm-cm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles, size-reducing the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles, size-reducing the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles, size-reducing the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

Abstract: An electrochromic multi-layer stack is provided. The multi-layer stack includes an electrochromic multi-layer stack having a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, a first electrode layer, an ion conductor layer, a second substrate, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second electrode layer. The multi-layer stack includes a redox element, wherein the redox element is electrically isolated from the first and second electrically conductive layers and the first and second electrode layer and is laterally adjacent to either the first electrically conductive layer and the first electrode, or the second electrically conductive layer and the second electrode layer. A method for controlling an electrochromic device is also provided.

Abstract: An electrochromic multi-layer stack is provided. The multi-layer stack includes an electrochromic multi-layer stack having a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, a first electrode layer, an ion conductor layer, a second substrate, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second electrode layer. The multi-layer stack includes a redox element, wherein the redox element is electrically isolated from the first and second electrically conductive layers and the first and second electrode layer and is laterally adjacent to either the first electrically conductive layer and the first electrode, or the second electrically conductive layer and the second electrode layer. A method for controlling an electrochromic device is also provided.