Abstract: An ether-bridged dication is provided with two monovalent cations bonded via a carbon chain having ether group(s). The ether-bridged dication, monovalent cations, and anions are contained together within an ionic liquid electrolyte which is applied to a charge storage device. The ether-bridged dication, the ionic liquid electrolyte, and the charge storage device have operational abilities at room temperatures or below, and a reachable working potential of 3.5 V.

Abstract: An electrolyte and a fabricating method thereof, and a lithium battery are described. The fabricating method of the electrolyte has steps of: adding a PVDF-based polymer and a PMA-based polymer to a liquid electrolyte to form a mixture, wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises a lithium salt; heating the mixture to between 60 and 100° C. for more than 4 hours, so as to form a transparent solution; and cooling the transparent solution to form the electrolyte. The electrolyte is a gel-state electrolyte between ?60 and 80° C., which is suitable for use as an electrolyte in a lithium battery.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition, a method of fabricating the same, and an energy storage device with the electrolyte composition are provided. The method of fabricating an electrolyte composition has steps of: mixing a modified polyoxyethylene-based material and a siloxane-based material in a solvent to form a mixture in which a tail end of a group of the modified polyoxyethylene-based material has an amine group; and heating the mixture at a temperature ranging from 50 to 60° C. for a time ranging from 3 to 5 hours for obtaining an electrolyte composition, where the electrolyte composition is formed by bonding the amine group of the modified polyoxyethylene-based material to the siloxane-based material. The electrolyte composition enables conductive ions to conduct in an electrolyte easily.

Abstract: An ether-bridged dication is provided with two monovalent cations bonded via a carbon chain having ether group(s). The ether-bridged dication, monovalent cations, and anions are contained together within an ionic liquid electrolyte which is applied to a charge storage device. The ether-bridged dication, the ionic liquid electrolyte, and the charge storage device have operational abilities at room temperatures or below, and a reachable working potential of 3.5 V.

Abstract: An ether-bridged dication is provided with two monovalent cations bonded via a carbon chain having ether group(s). The ether-bridged dication, monovalent cations, and anions are contained together within an ionic liquid electrolyte which is applied to a charge storage device. The ether-bridged dication, the ionic liquid electrolyte, and the charge storage device have operational abilities at room temperatures or below, and a reachable working potential of 3.5 V.

Abstract: A semiconductor quantum dot is provided with a non-metallic substrate, and has a particle size ranged from 0.3 to 100 nm. A method of carrying out a chemical reaction or a photoluminescence reaction by using the semiconductor quantum dot is also provided. A redox reaction of a target sample is carried out, an active substance is generated, or an electron-hole pair is produced from the semiconductor quantum dot by providing the semiconductor quantum dot with a predetermined energy. Photons are released by the combination of the electron-hole pair so as to perform the photoluminescence reaction.

Abstract: A gel-state electrolyte and a fabricating method thereof, and a lithium battery are described. The fabricating method of the gel-state electrolyte has steps of: adding a polyacrylonitrile type material and a polyalcohol type material to a liquid electrolyte to form a mixture, wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises a lithium salt; performing a crosslinking reaction by heating the mixture to between 70 and 80° C. for more than 4 hours, so as to form a transparent solution; and cooling the transparent solution to form the gel-state electrolyte. The fabricating method has a simple production process.

Abstract: A molecular probe includes a detector molecule specific to a target molecule, and at least one label linked covalently or non-covalently to the detector molecule. The label includes a catalyst for generating electrons and/or mediators from a solution. The catalyst includes a nanomaterial, an enzyme, a metal, and/or a metal complex. The mediators can accumulate in the solution for a period of time. The detector molecule and the target molecule interact with each other by a protein based or nucleotide sequence based interaction. The mediators participate in a chemical reaction that generates a signal that may be a change in optical, electromagnetic, thermodynamic or mechanical properties. Generation efficiency of the mediators is enhanced by providing an energy to the solution. The molecular probe may be used with a molecular detection assay performed on a surface. A method for assaying the target molecule using the molecular probe is also provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition, a method of fabricating the same, and an energy storage device with the electrolyte composition are provided. The method of fabricating an electrolyte composition has steps of: mixing a modified polyoxyethylene-based material and a siloxane-based material in a solvent to form a mixture in which a tail end of a group of the modified polyoxyethylene-based material has an amine group; and heating the mixture at a temperature ranging from 50 to 60° C. for a time ranging from 3 to 5 hours for obtaining an electrolyte composition which is formed by bonding the amine group of the modified polyoxyethylene-based material to the siloxane-based material. The electrolyte composition enables conductive ions to conduct in an electrolyte easily.

Abstract: An ether-bridged dication is provided with two monovalent cations bonded via a carbon chain having ether group(s). The ether-bridged dication, monovalent cations, and anions are contained together within an ionic liquid electrolyte which is applied to a charge storage device. The ether-bridged dication, the ionic liquid electrolyte, and the charge storage device have operational abilities at room temperatures or below, and a reachable working potential of 3.5 V.

Abstract: A semiconductor quantum dot is provided with a non-metallic substrate, and has a particle size ranged from 0.3 to 100 nm. A method of carrying out a chemical reaction or a photoluminescence reaction by using the semiconductor quantum dot is also provided. A redox reaction of a target sample is carried out, an active substance is generated, or an electron-hole pair is produced from the semiconductor quantum dot by providing the semiconductor quantum dot with a predetermined energy. Photons are released by the combination of the electron-hole pair so as to perform the photoluminescence reaction.

Abstract: A lithium battery is provided and has a plurality of graphene oxide quantum dots, where the graphene oxide quantum dots have an average particle size between 2 nm and 9 nm. The graphene oxide quantum dots can improve electrical properties of the lithium battery.

Abstract: A lithium battery is provided and has a plurality of graphene oxide quantum dots, where the graphene oxide quantum dots have an average particle size between 2 nm and 9 nm. The graphene oxide quantum dots can improve electrical properties of the lithium battery.

Abstract: A molecular probe includes a detector molecule specific to a target molecule, and at least one label linked covalently or non-covalently to the detector molecule. The label includes a catalyst for generating electrons and/or mediators from a solution. The catalyst includes a nanomaterial, an enzyme, a metal, and/or a metal complex. The mediators can accumulate in the solution for a period of time. The detector molecule and the target molecule interact with each other by a protein based or nucleotide sequence based interaction. The mediators participate in a chemical reaction that generates a signal that may be a change in optical, electromagnetic, thermodynamic or mechanical properties. Generation efficiency of the mediators is enhanced by providing an energy to the solution. The molecular probe may be used with a molecular detection assay performed on a surface. A method for assaying the target molecule using the molecular probe is also provided.

Abstract: An ether-bridged dication is provided with two monovalent cations bonded via a carbon chain having ether group(s). The ether-bridged dication, monovalent cations, and anions are contained together within an ionic liquid electrolyte which is applied to a charge storage device. The ether-bridged dication, the ionic liquid electrolyte, and the charge storage device have operational abilities at room temperatures or below, and a reachable working potential of 3.5 V.

Abstract: A reaction system comprises at least one additive and at least one reaction base-plane for augmenting chemical reaction, photoelectrochemical reaction, photochemical reaction or electrochemical reaction. The reaction system further comprises at least one reaction substrate carried out to the chemical reaction, the photoelectrochemical reaction, the photochemical reaction or the electrochemical reaction with the at least one additive and the at least one reaction base-plane. The at least one additive is a kind of reaction enhancer added in the reaction system to improve, augment or accumulate the effeteness of at least one reaction result.

Abstract: A non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot is provided with a non-metallic substrate, and has a particle size ranged from 0.3 to 100 nm. A method of carrying out a chemical reaction or a photoluminescence reaction by using the non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot is also provided. A redox reaction of a target sample is carried out, an active substance is generated, or an electron-hole pair is produced from the non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot by providing the non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot with a predetermined energy. Photons are released by the combination of the electron-hole pair so as to perform the photoluminescence reaction.

Abstract: Super capacitor including a gel electrolyte and manufacturing method thereof are provided. The gel electrolyte is one selected from a group consisting of a P(AN-EG-AN) copolymer, a P(AN-EG) copolymer, a P(EG-AN-EG) copolymer and a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a dye-sensitized solar cell is provided. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes a photo electrode including (a) mixing a TiO2 powder, a Zn-containing compound and an alkaline aqueous solution to form a mixture and performing a thermal process on the mixture to form a Zn-doped TiO2 powder; (b) mixing a binder solution with the Zn-doped TiO2 powder to form a paste; (c) coating the paste on a first electrode, and the paste is sintered to form a Zn-doped TiO2 porous layer, wherein the Zn-doped TiO2 porous layer and the first electrode construct a photo electrode; (d) disposing a second electrode opposite to the photo electrode after a dye is absorbed by the Zn-doped TiO2 porous layer; and (e) disposing an electrolyte between the photo electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Quantum dot-sensitized solar cell and manufacturing method thereof are provided. The proposed quantum dot-sensitized solar cell has a counter electrode with a PbS thin-film layer and a polysulfide electrolyte contacting the PbS thin-film layer.